Physiological and histopathological assessments of the susceptibility of different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars to early blight disease

Sallam, Nashwa M. A.; AbdElfatah, Heba-Alla S.; Hassan, Elhagag Ahmed; Mohamed, Mohamed S.; Bagy, Hadeel M. M. Khalil

doi:10.1007/s10658-021-02263-2

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The plants are rich in aromatic secondary compounds such asphenolic compounds, quinones, flavonoids, tannins, and coumarins. These metabolites exhibited antimicrobial activities acting as plant defense mechanisms against pathogen infection [52,62]. In the present study, the phenylpropanoid pathway was significantly up-regulated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

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Comparative Study of Three Biological Control Agents and Two Conventional Fungicides against Coriander Damping-off and Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Abdelrhim

Abdel-Latif

Hossain

et al. 2023

Plants

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The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of three biocontrol agents, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, and Bacillus subtilis, were tested against Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) infection compared to two conventional fungicides (Rizolex-T 50%wettable powder and Amistar 25%). Antifungal enzyme activity was assayed in the culture filtrate of the biocontrol agents. The impact of the tested biocontrol agents on the induction of the coriander immune system was investigated against R. solani by assessing the resistance-related enzymes and compounds in biocontrol agent-treated plants compared with the control. The obtained results revealed that all tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the linear growth of R. solani, and T. viride recorded the highest inhibition percentage. This could be linked to the ability of T. viride to produce higher activities of antimicrobial enzymes, i.e., cellulase, chitinase, and protease, compared to P. fluorescence and B. subtilis. Applying the tested biocontrol agents significantly alleviated pre- and post-emergence damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases of infected coriander compared with untreated plants. The tested biocontrol agents exhibited significantly higher germination percentage and vigor index of the coriander than the tested fungicides. The tested biocontrol agents significantly minimized the reduction of photosynthetic pigments induced by R. solani. In addition, the results showed a significant increase in enzymes/molecules (i.e., phenylalanine, catalase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phenolics, ascorbic acids, and salicylic acid) involved directly and indirectly in coriander resistance to R. solani. The principal component analysis of the recorded data recommended the role of the high accumulation of oxidative parameters (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and the inhibition of phenolic compounds in the downregulation of coriander resistance against R. solani. The heatmap analysis results revealed that biocontrol agents, especially Trichoderma, enhanced the resistance against R. solani via the stimulation of salicylic acid, phenolics, and antioxidant enzymes. Overall, the data recommended the efficacy of biocontrol agents, especially T. viride, against R. solani infecting coriander plants, which could be an efficient and a safer alternative to conventional fungicides.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…In the present study, the phenylpropanoid pathway was significantly up-regulated. The secondary metabolites relevant to plant survival were elucidated in Arabidopsis and other species [62][63][64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Three Biological Control Agents and Two Conventional Fungicides against Coriander Damping-off and Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Abdelrhim

Abdel-Latif

Hossain

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Conversely, the plant height, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight of eggplant plants Epidermal hairs on plant leaves can effectively reduce leaf water gain 38 , protect leaf esh cells from damage 39 , and reduce pathogenic fungal attacks 40 . I In this experiment, the density of abaxial hairs on eggplant leaves increased signi cantly with increasing GB concentrations compared to the control treatment, and the morphology was sharper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine and Cycloleucine on Photosynthetic Capacity, Amino Acid Composition, and Hormone Metabolism in Solanum melongena L

Niu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Although exogenous glycine betaine and cycloleucine have been reported to affect animal cell metabolism, their effects on plant growth and development have not been studied extensively. Different concentrations of exogenous glycine betaine (20, 40, and 60 mmol L− 1) and cycloleucine (10, 20, and 40 mmol L− 1), with 0 mmol L− 1 as control, were used to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of betaine and cycloleucine on growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, Calvin cycle pathway, abaxial leaf burr morphology, endogenous hormones, and amino acid content in eggplant. We found that 40 mmol L− 1 glycine betaine had the best effect on plant growth and development; it increased the fresh and dry weight of plants, increased the density of abaxial leaf hairs, increased the net photosynthetic rate and Calvin cycle key enzyme activity of leaves, had an elevating effect on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, increased endogenous IAA content and decreased ABA content, and increased glutamate, serine, aspartate, and phenylalanine contents. However, cycloleucine significantly inhibited plant growth; plant apical dominance disappeared, plant height and dry and fresh weights decreased significantly, the development of abaxial leaf hairs was hindered, the net photosynthetic rate and Calvin cycle key enzyme activities were inhibited, the endogenous hormones IAA and ABA content decreased, and the conversion and utilization of glutamate, arginine, threonine, and glycine were affected. Combined with the experimental results and plant growth phenotypes, 20 mmol L− 1 cycloleucine significantly inhibited plant growth. In conclusion, 40 mmol L− 1 glycine betaine and 20 mmol L− 1 cycloleucine had different regulatory effects on plant growth and development.

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“…1 Agro-ecological zones: UM = Upper midland, LM = Lower midland, 2 Growth rate (1= Slow, 2= Medium, 3 =Rapid), 3 Spore colour (1= Greenish, 2= Greyish, 3= Dark), 4 Presence of beak (1= Beak present, 2= Beak absent), 5 Margin colour (1= Brownish, 2= Greyish, 3= whitish), 6 Number of longitudinal septa, 7 Number of Transverse septa, 8 Conidia arrangement (1=Single, 2 = Chains),…”

Section: Phenotypic Characterization Of Early Blight Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Necrotrophic fungi in the genus Alternaria, which include Alternaria alternate, Alternaria solani, and Alternaria tomatophila, have been vindicated as the causative agents of early blight diseases [1,2]. Plant diseases limit chlorophyll levels and enhance the build-up of injurious reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) which damage biomolecules such as lipids and nucleic acids [3,4]. Pathogens such as Alternaria solani according to Sallam et al [3], enhance the synthesis of ascorbic acid while limiting the synthesis of antioxidants (Glutathione and soluble phenolic compounds), salicylic acid, a stimulant, and catalysts such as polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonialyase, which are necessary in plant protection in times of stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Alternaria Species Causing Tomato Blight in Agro-Ecological Zones of Kirinyaga County in Kenya

Ogolla

Muraya

Onyango

2023

AJAAR

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is a highly consumed and produced vegetable crop with an annual global production of over 185 million tonnes. High consumption and production are due to its nutritional and health benefits. However, tomato production is characterized by inconsistent quality and yields, partly emanating from biotic constraints attributed to fungal foliar diseases. In Kirinyaga County, where tomato production is a significant source of livelihood, knowledge gaps exist regarding the identity of Alternaria species causing tomato blight in different Agro-ecological zones (AEZs) and the susceptibility of locally grown tomato varieties to the Alternaria pathogens. To address these gaps, we conducted a study to determine the characteristics of an Alternaria pathogen isolated from tomato leaves from different AEZs and assess the susceptibility level of some tomato varieties grown in Kirinyaga County. Pathogen characterization was done using phenotypic and molecular approaches, and the susceptibility assay was evaluated by artificial inoculation. The molecular characterization involved BLASTIN analysis of Sanger sequenced DNA nucleotide amplicons, and the use of NCBI databases. The susceptibility assay was carried out in the greenhouse using a completely randomized design. Data on the fungal conidial lengths (µm) and the susceptibility (%) of tomato varieties to fungal isolates were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with significance means separated using LSD at α = 0.05. The morphologies of the pathogens differed significantly (p <0.05). Molecular characterization implicated Alternaria solani, Alternaria cerealis, Alternaria arborescens, and Alternaria alternate in causing tomato blight. Tomato varieties differed in their susceptibility to Alternaria pathogens (p < 0.05). Kilele F1 (73.84%), and Terminator F1 (56.48%) were the most and least susceptible tomato varieties, respectively. Thus, Terminator F1 can serve as a source for the genetic improvement of tomato varieties in the Kirinyaga patho-system. Our study provides valuable information on the identification of Alternaria species causing tomato blight in different AEZs in Kirinyaga County and the susceptibility of locally grown tomato varieties to infection by Alternaria pathogen isolates. The findings can aid in the development of effective disease management strategies and the genetic improvement of tomato varieties in the area.

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Physiological and histopathological assessments of the susceptibility of different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars to early blight disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 63 publications

Comparative Study of Three Biological Control Agents and Two Conventional Fungicides against Coriander Damping-off and Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Comparative Study of Three Biological Control Agents and Two Conventional Fungicides against Coriander Damping-off and Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine and Cycloleucine on Photosynthetic Capacity, Amino Acid Composition, and Hormone Metabolism in Solanum melongena L

Pathogenicity of Alternaria Species Causing Tomato Blight in Agro-Ecological Zones of Kirinyaga County in Kenya

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