Physiological and Immunological Regulations in Caenorhabditis elegans Infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Sivamaruthi, Bhagavathi Sundaram; Balamurugan, Krishnaswamy

doi:10.1007/s12088-013-0424-x

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…CLEC-60 is a C-type lectin known to be regulated as part of the innate immune response. It is expressed in larval intestine and in adults in the Int8 and Int9 cells [ 54 , 55 ]. In control RNAi experiments, we observed the reported behavior.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hsp90-downregulation influences the heat-shock response, innate immune response and onset of oocyte development in nematodes

et al. 2017

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Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in the regulation and maturation of kinases and transcription factors. In Caenorhabditis elegans, it contributes to the development of fertility, maintenance of muscle structure, the regulation of heat-shock response and dauer state. To understand the consequences of Hsp90-depletion, we studied Hsp90 RNAi-treated nematodes by DNA microarrays and mass spectrometry. We find that upon development of phenotypes the levels of chaperones and Hsp90 cofactors are increased, while specific proteins related to the innate immune response are depleted. In microarrays, we further find many differentially expressed genes related to gonad and larval development. These genes form an expression cluster that is regulated independently from the immune response implying separate pathways of Hsp90-involvement. Using fluorescent reporter strains for the differentially expressed immune response genes skr-5, dod-24 and clec-60 we observe that their activity in intestinal tissues is influenced by Hsp90-depletion. Instead, effects on the development are evident in both gonad arms. After Hsp90-depletion, changes can be observed in early embryos and adults containing fluorescence-tagged versions of SEPA-1, CAV-1 or PUD-1, all of which are downregulated after Hsp90-depletion. Our observations identify molecular events for Hsp90-RNAi induced phenotypes during development and immune responses, which may help to separately investigate independent Hsp90-influenced processes that are relevant during the nematode’s life and development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hsp90-downregulation influences the heat-shock response, innate immune response and onset of oocyte development in nematodes

et al. 2017

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“…The innate immune system of C. elegans comprises evolutionarily conserved immune signaling pathways . The C‐type lectins ( clec‐60 and clec‐87 ) are evidenced to play a role in C. elegans innate immune system against Salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection by gene silencing approaches . The expression levels of clec‐60 , clec‐87 , and lys‐7 were significantly higher in C. elegans at the early stage of Shigella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation ofCaenorhabditis elegansimmune response and modification ofShigellaendotoxin upon interaction

Kesika

Prasanth

Balamurugan

2014

J. Basic Microbiol.

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To analyze the pathogenesis at both physiological and molecular level using the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans at different developmental stages in response to Shigella spp. and its pathogen associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharide. The solid plate and liquid culture-based infection assays revealed that Shigella spp. infects C. elegans and had an impact on the brood size and pharyngeal pumping rate. LPS of Shigella spp. was toxic to C. elegans. qPCR analysis revealed that host innate immune genes have been modulated upon Shigella spp. infections and its LPS challenges. Non-destructive analysis was performed to kinetically assess the alterations in LPS during interaction of Shigella spp. with C. elegans. The modulation of innate immune genes attributed the surrendering of host immune system to Shigella spp. by favoring the infection. LPS appeared to have a major role in Shigella-mediated pathogenesis and Shigella employs a tactic behavior of modifying its LPS content to escape from the recognition of host immune system.

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“…To briefly summarize, studies have shown that dsRNA longer than 25bp requires much lower concentrations than siRNA to have a similar RNAi effect and that this is due to Sid-2 being selective for length in uptake from the environment (Feinberg and Hunter, 2003;McEwan et al, 2012). However, nine studies were found reporting successful RNAi using siRNA soaking in nematodes, for example in M. incognita (Arguel et al, 2012;Dalzell et al, 2010a;Dalzell et al, 2010b), B. xylophilus (Ma et al, 2011) M. graminicolis , G. pallida (Dalzell et al, 2010a) and C. elegans (Sivamaruthi and Balamurugan, 2014).…”

Section: Srna Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

Literature review of baseline information on RNAi to support the environmental risk assessment of RNAi‐based GM plants

Christiaens

Dzhambazova

Kostov

et al. 2018

EFS3

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This report is the outcome of an EFSA procurement (OC/EFSA/GMO/2015/02) which aims at reviewing relevant scientific information on RNA interference (RNAi) that could serve as baseline information for the environmental risk assessment of RNAi‐based genetically modified (GM) plants. The report is based on a systematic literature search on the use of RNAi molecules in arthropods, nematodes, annelids and molluscs with dsRNA, siRNA and miRNA applied primarily through feeding and soaking (oral ingestion). The numbers of retrieved publications covering these areas are reported, along with the species name, life stages tested, the target gene and its function, details of the test substances and their concentrations used, methods of delivery and effects. Separate sections discuss the available information on: (1) the uptake and systematic spread of RNAi activity, including a description of the various components involved in this process; (2) the mechanisms of dsRNA‐, siRNA‐ and miRNA‐elicited gene silencing and the different factors involved in RNAi efficiency; (3) routes of exposure of the biotic and abiotic environment to dsRNA, siRNA and miRNA from GM plants; (4) the environmental fate of dsRNA, siRNA and miRNA; and (5) the various factors that may limit non‐target effects including exposure, factors influencing the silencing efficiency of dsRNA, siRNA and miRNA, possible unintended and off‐target effects, and their mechanisms. Finally, an overview of the species of arthropods, nematodes, annelids and molluscs for which genomic data are available is also presented. The report identifies some of the challenges involved in developing plants with RNAi systems which affect invertebrate gene expression. The report also concludes that, currently, knowledge on issues such as exposure, specificity, offtarget effects, sequence similarities and bioinformatics is very limited, as only a few RNAi expressing plants which specifically target invertebrate species have been developed and comprehensively studied.

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Physiological and Immunological Regulations in Caenorhabditis elegans Infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Hsp90-downregulation influences the heat-shock response, innate immune response and onset of oocyte development in nematodes

Hsp90-downregulation influences the heat-shock response, innate immune response and onset of oocyte development in nematodes

Modulation ofCaenorhabditis elegansimmune response and modification ofShigellaendotoxin upon interaction

Literature review of baseline information on RNAi to support the environmental risk assessment of RNAi‐based GM plants

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