Physiological and metabolic effects of healthy female aging on exhaled breath biomarkers

Sukul, Pritam; Grzegorzewski, Simon; Broderius, Celine; Trefz, Phillip; Mittlmeier, Thomas; Fischer, Dagmar‐Christiane; Miekisch, Wolfram; Schubert, Jochen K.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.103739

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…An elevated MAP and cardiac output denominate increased perfusion [ 73 ] of vital organs to aid the primary source of energy from the compartments such as the small intestine. Therefore, the increase in ethanol exhalation may be due to its signalling [ 74 ] between intestinal permeability and glucose transport to blood for maintaining energy homeostasis. The observed tendencies of various gut-originated VOCs reflect the regional diversity of systemic microflora within same organ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents

Sukul¹,

Bartels²,

Fuchs³

et al. 2022

Eur Respir J

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BackgroundWhile assumed to protect against coronavirus transmission, face-masks may have effects on respiratory-haemodynamic parameters. Within this pilot study, we investigated immediate and progressive effects of FFP2 and surgical masks on exhaled breath constituents and physiological attributes in 30 adults at rest.MethodsWe continuously monitored exhaled breath profiles within mask space in older (age: 60–80 years) and young to mid-aged (age: 20–60 years) adults over the period of 15 and 30 min, respectively by high-resolution real-time mass-spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Peripheral oxygen saturation, respiratory- and haemodynamic parameters were measured (non-invasively) simultaneously.ResultsProfound, consistent and significant (p-value≤0.001) changes in SpO2 (Adults>60_FFP2-15 min: 5.8±1.3%↓, Adults>60_surgical-15 min: 3.6±0.9%↓, Adults<60_FFP2-30 min: 1.9±1.0%↓, Adults<60_surgical-30 min: 0.9±0.6%↓) and pET-CO2 (Adults>60_FFP2-15 min: 19.1±8.0%↑, Adults>60_surgical-15 min: 11.6±7.6%↑, Adults<60_FFP2- 30 min: 12.1±4.5%↑, Adults<60_surgical- 30 min: 9.3±4.1%↑) indicate ascending deoxygenation and hypercarbia. Secondary changes (p-value≤0.005) to hemodynamic parameters (e.g. MAP: Adults>60_FFP2-15 min: 9.8±10.4%↑) were found. Exhalation of blood-borne volatile metabolites e.g. aldehydes, hemiterpene, organosulfur, short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, ketone, aromatics, nitrile and monoterpene mirrored behaviour of cardiac output, MAP, SpO2, respiratory rate and pET-CO2. Exhaled humidity (e.g. Adults>60_FFP2-15 min: 7.1±5.8%↑) and exhaled oxygen (e.g. Adults>60_FFP2-15 min: 6.1±10.0%↓) changed significantly (p-value≤0.005) over time.ConclusionsBreathomics allows unique physio-metabolic insights into immediate and transient effects of face-mask wearing. Physiological parameters and breath profiles of endogenous and/or exogenous volatile metabolites indicated putative cross-talk between transient hypoxemia, oxidative stress, hypercarbia, vasoconstriction, altered systemic microbial activity, energy homeostasis, compartmental storage and washout. FFP2 masks affected more pronouncedly than surgical masks. Older adults were more vulnerable to FFP2 mask induced hypercarbia, arterial oxygen decline, blood pressure fluctuations and concomitant physiological and metabolic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents

Sukul¹,

Bartels²,

Fuchs³

et al. 2022

Eur Respir J

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“…The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath offers vast possibilities for the development of non-invasive diagnostic techniques (Miekisch et al, 2004). Breath biomarkers could provide new and unique insights into metabolic (Sukul et al, 2018;2022b), physiological (King et al, 2010b;Sukul et al, 2016Sukul et al, , 2022a or pathophysiological processes (Nakhleh et al, 2017;Trefz et al, 2019;Löser et al, 2020). VOCs are exhaled shortly after their production and may therefore deliver systemic information quickly and noninvasively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time metabolic monitoring under exhaustive exercise and evaluation of ventilatory threshold by breathomics: Independent validation of evidence and advances

et al. 2022

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Breath analysis was coupled with ergo-spirometry for non-invasive profiling of physio-metabolic status under exhaustive exercise. Real-time mass-spectrometry based continuous analysis of exhaled metabolites along with breath-resolved spirometry and heart rate monitoring were executed while 14 healthy adults performed ergometric ramp exercise protocol until exhaustion. Arterial blood lactate level was analyzed at defined time points. Respiratory-cardiac parameters and exhalation of several blood-borne volatiles changed continuously with the course of exercise and increasing workloads. Exhaled volatiles mirrored ventilatory and/or hemodynamic effects and depended on the origin and/or physicochemical properties of the substances. At the maximum workload, endogenous isoprene, methanethiol, dimethylsulfide, acetaldehyde, butanal, butyric acid and acetone concentrations decreased significantly by 74, 25, 35, 46, 21, 2 and 2%, respectively. Observed trends in exogenous cyclohexadiene and acetonitrile mimicked isoprene profile due to their similar solubility and volatility. Assignment of anaerobic threshold was possible via breath acetone. Breathomics enabled instant profiling of physio-metabolic effects and anaerobic thresholds during exercise. Profiles of exhaled volatiles indicated effects from muscular vasoconstriction, compartmental distribution of perfusion, extra-alveolar gas-exchange and energy homeostasis. Sulfur containing compounds and butyric acid turned out to be interesting for investigations of combined diet and exercise programs. Reproducible metabolic breath patterns have enhanced scopes of breathomics in sports science/medicine.

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“…dimethyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide) can be influenced not only by concomitant pathological conditions, such as the CKD, but also by age. In fact, for these compounds, it has been demonstrated by Sukul et al 54 a greater abundance in premenopausal women compared to menopausal ones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Utility of SIFT-MS to evaluate volatile organic compounds in nephropathic patients’ breath

Romani

Marrone

Celotto

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Several studies highlighted a correlation between exhaled air volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and some pathological conditions, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic liver disease, etc. In fact, in literature has been reported that CKD is characterized by an increased concentration of ammonia, trimethylamine (TMA) and isoprene compared to healthy subjects. Currently, there is not a validate and standardized method to detect VOCs. For this purpose, we examined the utility of selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to measure VOCs in CKD patients and we evaluated the possible correlation between VOCs and the presence of CKD and its stage. We enrolled 68 CKD patients under conservative therapy and 54 healthy subjects. The analysis of the VOCs of the exhaled air of the enrolled subjects was performed by SIFT-MS. Among all the VOCs analyzed, the most relevant results by ROC curves were observed for TMA, acetone, ammonia and dimethyl sulfide. We found that a breath TMA concentration superior to 26 ppbv characterizes a 6.11 times greater risk of CKD, compared to subjects with lower levels. Moreover, we detected an increased concentration of acetone and ammonia in CKD patients compared to healthy subjects. We highlight the potential utility of SIFT-MS in CKD clinical management.Clinical trial registry: R.S. 15.19 of 6 February 2019.

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Physiological and metabolic effects of healthy female aging on exhaled breath biomarkers

Cited by 21 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents

Effects of COVID-19 protective face masks and wearing durations on respiratory haemodynamic physiology and exhaled breath constituents

Real-time metabolic monitoring under exhaustive exercise and evaluation of ventilatory threshold by breathomics: Independent validation of evidence and advances

Utility of SIFT-MS to evaluate volatile organic compounds in nephropathic patients’ breath

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