Physiological and Metabolomic Responses of Kale to Combined Chilling and UV-A Treatment

Lee, Jin-Hui; Kwon, Min Cheol; Jung, Eun Joo; Lee, Choong Hwan; Oh, Myung‐Min

doi:10.3390/ijms20194950

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, Lee and Oh [16] reported increased levels of polyphenolic compounds in 3 weeks old kale exposed to 4 • C for 3 days. They also reported an increase in the content of phenolic acids, caffeic acid and ferulic acid, and flavonoid kaempferol after low temperature treatment at 4 • C. The same authors in another study [17] observed no differences in total flavonoid content in kale grown at 10 • C compared to the control. Our results for total flavonoids content are consistent with these findings; we found no significant changes in total flavonoids and phenolic acids at 8 • C, but a decrease in flavonoids at freezing (−8 • C) temperature was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Improved understanding of mechanisms related to kale low temperature tolerance can introduce improved cold resistance varieties, better equipped to deal with unusually low temperatures that might arise during the growth season. Low temperatures during kale cultivation have been reported to affect polyphenolic compounds [16,17], soluble sugars and glucosinolates [18], but most of these studies were conducted in the field where it is difficult to control other environmental parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures on Proline, Pigments, and Phytochemicals Level in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

et al. 2021

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Kale (Brassica oleracea var acephala) is known as a vegetable with good tolerance of environmental stress and numerous beneficial properties for human health, which are attributed to different phytochemicals. In the present study, investigation of how low temperatures affect proline, pigments and specialized metabolites content was performed using 8-weeks old kale plants subjected to chilling (at 8 °C, for 24 h) followed by short freezing (at −8 °C, for 1 h after previous acclimation at 8 °C, for 23 h). Plants growing at 21 °C served as a control. In both groups of plants (exposed to low temperatures and exposed to short freezing) a significant increase in proline content (14% and 49%, respectively) was recorded. Low temperatures (8 °C) induced an increase of pigments (total chlorophylls 7%) and phytochemicals (phenolic acids 3%; flavonoids 5%; carotenoids 15%; glucosinolates 21%) content, while exposure to freezing showed a different trend dependent upon observed parameter. After freezing, the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and total phenolic acids retained similar levels as in control plants and amounted to 14.65 ± 0.36 mg dw g−1, 2.58 ± 0.05 mg dw g−1 and 13.75 ± 0.07 mg dw CEA g−1, respectively. At the freezing temperature, total polyphenol content increased 13% and total flavonoids and glucosinolates content decreased 21% and 54%, respectively. Our results suggest that acclimatization (23 h at 8 °C) of kale plants can be beneficial for the accumulation of pigments and phytochemicals, while freezing temperatures affect differently specialized metabolite synthesis. The study suggests that growing temperature during kale cultivation must be considered as an important parameter for producers that are orientated towards production of crops with an increasing content of health-related compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures on Proline, Pigments, and Phytochemicals Level in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

et al. 2021

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“…The contents of total phenols and flavonoids, which are common antioxidants, may increase to prevent cell damage by ROS ( Garg and Manchanda, 2009 ). Lee et al (2019a) reported that non-enzymatic antioxidants produced by plants have anti-aging benefits and could improve human health by reducing the risk of diseases, including cancer and chronic cardiovascular diseases. The potential benefits of varying levels of abiotic stress on plant growth and production of phytochemicals with antioxidant properties have been actively studied ( Akula and Ravishankar, 2011 ; Boo et al, 2011 ; Lee et al, 2019a ; Nam et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild-Intensity UV-A Radiation Applied Over a Long Duration Can Improve the Growth and Phenolic Contents of Sweet Basil

et al. 2022

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UV-A radiation (320–400 nm) is an abiotic stressor that may be used to enhance the production of beneficial secondary metabolites in crops such as leafy vegetables. However, tradeoffs between enhanced phytochemical contents and overall growth/yield reductions have been reported. The responses varied depending on the UV-A intensity, spectral peak, exposure time, species, and varieties. We quantified the changes in growth, morphology, photosynthesis, and phenolic contents of sweet basil grown under a base red/blue/green LED light with four supplemental UV-A intensity treatments (0, 10, 20, and 30 W·m−2) in an indoor environment over 14 days. The objective was to determine whether UV-A radiation could be utilized to improve both yield and quality of high-value sweet basil in a controlled production environment. Biomass harvested at 14 days after treatment (DAT) was highest under mild-intensity UV-A treatment of 10 W·m−2 and lowest under high-intensity UV-A treatment of 30 W·m−2. The total leaf area and the number of leaves were significantly lower under the 30 W·m−2 treatment than under the 10 and 20 W·m−2 treatments at 14 DAT. The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) for photochemistry (Fv/Fm) showed a gradual decrease under the 20 and 30 W·m−2 treatments from 3 to 14 DAT, whereas Fv/Fm remained relatively constant under the 0 and 10 W·m−2 treatments over the entire 14 days. The leaf net photosynthesis rate showed a significant decrease of 17.4% in the 30 W·m−2 treatment compared to that in the 10 W·m−2 treatment at 14 DAT. Phenolic contents (PAL enzyme activity, total phenolic concentration, and antioxidant capacity) were the highest under the 20 W·m−2 treatment, followed by the 10, 30, and 0 W·m−2 treatments. Overall, our results indicate that the biomass production and accumulation of beneficial phenolic compounds in sweet basil varied depending on the intensity and duration of UV-A application. Mild UV-A radiation (10–20 W·m−2) can be a beneficial stressor to improve sweet basil yield and quality over relatively long-term cultivation.

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“…Recently, metabolic responses to cold stress in plants have garnered more attention, since numerous metabolites are considered to play vital roles in FT ( Singh et al, 2020 ). In the process of adjusting to cold stress, the plant produces secondary metabolites as a kind of excretory compound, and these metabolites are the real driver of plant stress responses ( Lee et al, 2019 ). Accordingly, changes in metabolites contents are considered to be ultimate response of plants to abiotic stresses ( Ma et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Studies Reveal Key Metabolism Pathways Contributing to Freezing Tolerance Under Cold Stress in Kiwifruit

et al. 2021

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Cold stress poses a serious treat to cultivated kiwifruit since this plant generally has a weak ability to tolerate freezing tolerance temperatures. Surprisingly, however, the underlying mechanism of kiwifruit’s freezing tolerance remains largely unexplored and unknown, especially regarding the key pathways involved in conferring this key tolerance trait. Here, we studied the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of the freezing-tolerant genotype KL (Actinidia arguta) and freezing-sensitive genotype RB (A. arguta), to identify the main pathways and important metabolites related to their freezing tolerance. A total of 565 metabolites were detected by a wide-targeting metabolomics method. Under (−25°C) cold stress, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway annotations showed that the flavonoid metabolic pathways were specifically upregulated in KL, which increased its ability to scavenge for reactive oxygen species (ROS). The transcriptome changes identified in KL were accompanied by the specific upregulation of a codeinone reductase gene, a chalcone isomerase gene, and an anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase gene. Nucleotides metabolism and phenolic acids metabolism pathways were specifically upregulated in RB, which indicated that RB had a higher energy metabolism and weaker dormancy ability. Since the LPCs (LysoPC), LPEs (LysoPE) and free fatty acids were accumulated simultaneously in both genotypes, these could serve as biomarkers of cold-induced frost damages. These key metabolism components evidently participated in the regulation of freezing tolerance of both kiwifruit genotypes. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated the inherent differences in the composition and activity of metabolites between KL and RB under cold stress conditions.

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Physiological and Metabolomic Responses of Kale to Combined Chilling and UV-A Treatment

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures on Proline, Pigments, and Phytochemicals Level in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures on Proline, Pigments, and Phytochemicals Level in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

Mild-Intensity UV-A Radiation Applied Over a Long Duration Can Improve the Growth and Phenolic Contents of Sweet Basil

Comparative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Studies Reveal Key Metabolism Pathways Contributing to Freezing Tolerance Under Cold Stress in Kiwifruit

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