Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stresses

Boscaiu, Mónica; Fita, Ana

doi:10.3390/agronomy10091308

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…An alternative way to detect tolerant genotypes is selection based on physiological traits. These traits should show a high correlation with drought tolerance and yield potentiality (Boscaiu & Fita, 2020). Secondary traits (physiological and photosynthetic parameters) are used as indirect selection markers according to their role in photosynthesis(Anjum et al., 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular markers and GGE biplot analysis for selecting higher‐yield and drought‐tolerant maize hybrids

et al. 2021

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Improving maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for higher productivity and tolerance to drought stress depends mainly on physiological and molecular markers. Therefore, this study aims at breeding maize for drought tolerance and high potentiality by selection based on molecular markers, photosynthetic parameters; and easy graphic methods that help in selecting elite genotypes across diverse environments. An 8 × 8 half diallel analysis was used at two locations involving drought and normal irrigation treatments to study parental genetic diversity (GD) and combining ability (general combing ability [GCA] and specific combining ability [SCA]) in F1 of maize. Fingerprinting of parents was made using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Fiftyeight alleles were ranged from two to five alleles per locus with an average of 0.63 alleles per locus. The average of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.63. Cuvette temperature (oc) was lowest by the cross L14 × L36. The cross L8 × L34 expresses the highest value for Quantum sensor (μmol m -2 s -1 ), net CO 2 assimilation rate and chlorophyll content. As for leaf diffusive resistance (LDR) four crosses exhibited significant desirable LDR values. Concerning rate of leaf transpiration (LTR) (μg cm −2 S −1 ) the cross (L5 × L104) gave the lowest value. Most hybrids exhibited desirable values for drought susceptibility index. For grain yield plant -1 , five F 1 crosses, that is, L5 × L34, L8 × L14, L8 × L14, L30 × L104, and L36 × L104 expressed the most desirable SCA effects. These crosses are promising in maize breeding programs. Based on GGE biplot analysis, genotype nos. 8 and 10 exhibited the highest grain yield plant −1 and ranked the first across all environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular markers and GGE biplot analysis for selecting higher‐yield and drought‐tolerant maize hybrids

et al. 2021

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“…The analysis of these definitions attests to the existence of some common elements in the characterization of landraces in cultivated plants such as; local character, historical origin, adaptability to soil, climate and stress factors, genetic variability, harvest stability, reduced inputs, traditional farms. Landraces through their long selection process by farmers during the pre-intensive agricultural period provide a great opportunity to find appropriate combinations of genes and phenotypes tolerant to complex situations [31].…”

Section: Landraces -Definition and Their Importance In Traditional Famentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Landraces: The “Gene Banks” for Traditional Farmers and Future Breeding Programs

Sumalan¹,

Ciulca²,

Şumălan³

et al. 2021

Landraces - Traditional Variety and Natural Breed

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Crop diversity of vegetable species is threatened by the current homogenization of agricultural production systems due to specialization of plant breeders and increasing globalization in the seed sector. With the onset of modern agriculture, most traditional vegetable cultivars were replaced by highly productive and often genetically uniform commercial breeds and hybrids. This led to the loss of landraces, especially in countries with a super-intensive agriculture. The agricultural biodiversity erosion represents a huge risk for food safety and security. Vegetable landraces are associated with the cultural heritage of their place of origin being adapted to local agro-ecological areas and are more resilient to environmental stress than commercial cultivars. The chapter aim to highlight the importance of keeping and using vegetable landraces as valuable sources of genes for traditional farmers, but also for future breeding processes. We analyze the historical role of landraces, genetic diversity, high physiological adaptability to specific local conditions in association with traditional farming systems, as well as the breeding perspectives and evaluation of genetic diversity based on molecular markers.

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“…Recent research recommended consumption of over 400 grams of vegetables and fruits per day to reduce the risk of being affected by cardiovascular disease or cancer and maintain good health (Aune et al, 2017). Vegetable crops are prone to damage by numerous pests and diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi, and they are also susceptible to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, flooding, and nutrient deficiency (Hodges and Toivonen, 2008;Boscaiu and Fita, 2020). Therefore, the development of varieties that are resistant to biotic stresses and tolerate abiotic stresses and at the same time have good yields and high nutrient content is the goal of most breeding programs.…”

Section: New Breeding Strategies For Vegetables With Improved Traits: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and Major Achievements of Genome Editing in Vegetable Crops: A Review

Kim

Kang²,

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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The emergence of genome-editing technology has allowed manipulation of DNA sequences in genomes to precisely remove or replace specific sequences in organisms resulting in targeted mutations. In plants, genome editing is an attractive method to alter gene functions to generate improved crop varieties. Genome editing is thought to be simple to use and has a lower risk of off-target effects compared to classical mutation breeding. Furthermore, genome-editing technology tools can also be applied directly to crops that contain complex genomes and/or are not easily bred using traditional methods. Currently, highly versatile genome-editing tools for precise and predictable editing of almost any locus in the plant genome make it possible to extend the range of application, including functional genomics research and molecular crop breeding. Vegetables are essential nutrient sources for humans and provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber to diets, thereby contributing to human health. In this review, we provide an overview of the brief history of genome-editing technologies and the components of genome-editing tool boxes, and illustrate basic modes of operation in representative systems. We describe the current and potential practical application of genome editing for the development of improved nutritious vegetables and present several case studies demonstrating the potential of the technology. Finally, we highlight future directions and challenges in applying genome-editing systems to vegetable crops for research and product development.

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Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stresses

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Molecular markers and GGE biplot analysis for selecting higher‐yield and drought‐tolerant maize hybrids

Molecular markers and GGE biplot analysis for selecting higher‐yield and drought‐tolerant maize hybrids

Vegetable Landraces: The “Gene Banks” for Traditional Farmers and Future Breeding Programs

Applications and Major Achievements of Genome Editing in Vegetable Crops: A Review

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