Physiological and morphological factors influencing wear resistance and recovery in C3 and C4 turfgrass species

Lulli, Filippo; Volterrani, Marco; Grossi, Nicola; Armeni, Roberto; Stefanini, S.; Guglielminetti, Lorenzo

doi:10.1071/fp11234

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Physiological changes in turfgrass species were detected under traffic stress, such as a decrease in RWC, shoot density, root length, leaf Chl concentration, non-structural carbohydrates content, and POD activity, while the cell membrane permeability was increased in both warm-season and cool-season turfgrass species after traffic stress treatment [171][172][173]. Both lignin and carbohydrate concentrations proved to be important factors related to the wear resistance of turfgrass [174].…”

Section: Traffic/wear Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

et al. 2020

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Turfgrasses constitute a vital part of the landscape ecological systems for sports fields, golf courses, home lawns and parks. However, turfgrass species are affected by numerous abiotic stresses include salinity, heat, cold, drought, waterlogging and heavy metals and biotic stresses such as diseases and pests. Harsh environmental conditions may result in growth inhibition, damage in cell structure and metabolic dysfunction. Hence, to survive the capricious environment, turfgrass species have evolved various adaptive strategies. For example, they can expel phytotoxic matters; increase activities of stress response related enzymes and regulate expression of the genes. Simultaneously, some phytohormones and signal molecules can be exploited to improve the stress tolerance in turfgrass. Generally, the mechanisms of the adaptive strategies are integrated but not necessarily the same. Recently, metabolomic, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed plenty of stress response related metabolites, proteins and genes in turfgrass. Therefore, the regulation mechanism of turfgrass’s response to abiotic and biotic stresses was further understood. However, the specific or broad-spectrum related genes that may improve stress tolerance remain to be further identified. Understanding stress response in turfgrass species will contribute to improve stress tolerance of turfgrass.

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Section: Traffic/wear Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

et al. 2020

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“…The hypothesis that such architecture might be associated with high wear resistance (imparted by the mechanical action of stems) and high recuperative potential (imparted by an elevated number of growing points fuelled by a large volume of storage tissues) was only partially verified. While the measured superior wear resistance of Zeon was confirmed and attributed in part to the high lignin con- tent in its organs, nor the number of point of potential regrowth nor the volume of storage tissues turned into a superior recuperative potential, this providing the evidence that recuperative potential is predominantly determined by tissue constituents and physiological aspects and not by mere biometrics (Lulli et al, 2012). Apart from wear resistance and recuperative potential, the suitability of a turf surface for a given sport activity is mainly determined by mechanical properties that affect the interaction of the turf with the player and/or the ball.…”

Section: Sports Usementioning

confidence: 85%

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp. Willd.) for European Lawns: a Review

et al. 2017

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In Europe the cultivation of warm season turfgrasses was negligible until the beginning of the 90's. A scientific approach to their cultivation started with field trials being installed in several locations in Italy starting from 1994. Adaptation to climatic condition and first screening of relative performance of cultivars were held as primary elements to assess in order to assist turf growers in introducing the different species and cultivars of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp. Willd.) in the warm temperate regions of Mediterranean Europe. At a later stage, studies on zoysiagrass adaptation were extended as north as 45° parallel and, as slow establishment began to appear a major limitation of this turfgrass, an alternative establishment method and establishment pattern were investigated. As for other warm season turfgrasses winter dormancy is considered a major drawback and trials dealing with fall fertilisation and winter management have been carried out to support winter maintenance decisions. In recent years soccer playing characteristics have been determined on zoysiagrass, while preliminary research results indicate turf management through remotely sensed data as a promising technique for the years to come.

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“…There have been a wide number of studies on different topics investigating roots, stolons, and rhizomes of various plants 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 . Root systems, stolons, and rhizomes of turfgrasses are studied because of their importance in turf quality 9 , spring green-up after winter dormancy 10 , and wear tolerance and recuperative ability 11 . Furthermore, these organs are also studied in other crops, turfgrasses such as rice 12 , soybean 4 , and maize 13 , and pastures where lateral stems play a key role in soil erosion control 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Stolons and Rhizomes of Turfgrasses Using a Digital Image Analysis System

Pornaro

Macolino

Richardson

2019

JoVE

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Length and diameter of stolons or rhizomes are usually measured using simple rulers and calipers. This procedure is slow and laborious, so it is often used on a limited number of stolons or rhizomes. For this reason, these traits are limited in their use for morphological characterization of plants. The use of digital image analysis software technology may overcome measurement errors due to human mistakes, which tend to increase as the number and size of samples also increase. The protocol can be used for any kind of crop but is particularly suitable for forage or grasses, where plants are small and numerous. Turf samples consist of aboveground biomass and an upper soil layer to the depth of maximum rhizome development, depending on the species of interest. In studies, samples are washed from the soil, and stolons/rhizomes are cleaned by hand before analysis by digital image analysis software. The samples are further dried in a laboratory heating oven to measure dry weight; therefore, for each sample, the resultant data are total length, total dry weight, and average diameter. Scanned images can be corrected before analysis by excluding visible extraneous parts, such as remaining roots or leaves not removed with the cleaning process. Indeed, these fragments normally have much smaller diameters than stolons or rhizomes, so they can be easily excluded from analysis by fixing the minimum diameter below which objects are not considered. Stolon or rhizome density per unit area can then be calculated based on sample size. The advantage of this method is quick and efficient measurement of the length and average diameter of large sample numbers of stolons or rhizomes.

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Physiological and morphological factors influencing wear resistance and recovery in C3 and C4 turfgrass species

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp. Willd.) for European Lawns: a Review

Measuring Stolons and Rhizomes of Turfgrasses Using a Digital Image Analysis System

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