Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood–brain-barrier interface

Salimi, Leila; Seyedaghamiri, Fatemehsadat; Karimipour, Mohammad; Mobarak, Halimeh; Mardi, Narges; Taghavi, Maryam; Rahbarghazi‬, Reza

doi:10.1186/s12964-023-01142-z

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…These macromolecules play critical roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The structure of exosomes and their cargo facilitate multicellular crosstalk, mediating cell signaling and intercellular transfer of biomolecules [81]. Payload carried by exosomes contribute to various cellular functions and have significant implications for human and veterinary medicine.…”

Section: Evs As Communication Mediators Between Gut Microbiome and Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease

Barathan,

Ng,

Lokanathan

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The animal gut microbiota, comprising a diverse array of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in shaping host health and physiology. This review explores the intricate dynamics of the gut microbiome in animals, focusing on its composition, function, and impact on host–microbe interactions. The composition of the intestinal microbiota in animals is influenced by the host ecology, including factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and nutrient availability, as well as genetic makeup, diet, habitat, stressors, and husbandry practices. Dysbiosis can lead to various gastrointestinal and immune-related issues in animals, impacting overall health and productivity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes derived from gut microbiota, play a crucial role in intercellular communication, influencing host health by transporting bioactive molecules across barriers like the intestinal and brain barriers. Dysregulation of the gut–brain axis has implications for various disorders in animals, highlighting the potential role of microbiota-derived EVs in disease progression. Therapeutic approaches to modulate gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, microbial transplants, and phage therapy, offer promising strategies for enhancing animal health and performance. Studies investigating the effects of phage therapy on gut microbiota composition have shown promising results, with potential implications for improving animal health and food safety in poultry production systems. Understanding the complex interactions between host ecology, gut microbiota, and EVs provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying host–microbe interactions and their impact on animal health and productivity. Further research in this field is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies to promote gut health and overall well-being in animals.

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Section: Evs As Communication Mediators Between Gut Microbiome and Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease

Barathan,

Ng,

Lokanathan

et al. 2024

IJMS

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show abstract

“…Further, they can carry cargo, such as iron particles in this study and others 24,26,28,31,32,52,53 , as well as therapeutics 17,18,[20][21][22][23]25,50,51 . The mechanisms in which EVs cross the BBB is not fully understood; however, some possible routes which have been explored are micropinocytosis, clathrin-dependent endocytosis and caveolae-dependent endocytosis 15,16,54,55 .…”

Section: Association Of Iron With Evs Allows Iron To Accumulate In Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic particle imaging reveals that iron-labeled extracellular vesicles accumulate in brains of mice with metastases

Toomajian,

Tundo,

Ural

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The incidence of breast cancer remains high worldwide and is associated with a significant risk of metastasis to the brain that can be fatal; this is due, in part, to the inability of therapeutics to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to cross the BBB and further, have been used to deliver drugs to tumors. EVs from different cell types appear to have different patterns of accumulation and retention as well as efficiency of bioactive cargo delivery to recipient cells in the body. Engineering EVs as delivery tools to treat brain metastases, therefore, will require an understanding of the timing of EV accumulation, and their localization relative to metastatic sites. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a sensitive and quantitative imaging method that directly detects superparamagnetic iron. Here, we demonstrate MPI as a novel tool to characterize EV biodistribution in metastatic disease after labeling EVs with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. Iron-labeled EVs (FeEVs) were collected from iron-labeled parental primary 4T1 tumor cells and brain-seeking 4T1BR5 cells, followed by injection into mice with orthotopic tumors or brain metastases. MPI quantification revealed that FeEVs were retained for longer in orthotopic mammary carcinomas compared to SPIOs. MPI signal due to iron could only be detected in brains of mice bearing brain metastases after injection of FeEVs, but not SPIOs, or FeEVs when mice did not have brain metastases. These findings indicate the potential use of EVs as a therapeutic delivery tool in primary and metastatic tumors.

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“…18,19,[21][22][23][24]26,109,110 The mechanisms in which EVs cross the BBB is not fully understood; however, some possible routes which have been explored are micropinocytosis, clathrindependent endocytosis, and caveolae-dependent endocytosis. 16,17,113,114 Histology Reveals Iron Accumulation in Brains. Brain sections from FeEV-and SPIO-injected mice with brain metastases and FeEV-injected healthy mice were stained with Perls Prussian blue (PPB; blue = iron, pseudocolored magenta in the overlay) to visualize iron and DAPI to visualize nuclei.…”

Section: Association Of Iron With Evs Allows Iron To Accumulate In Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Particle Imaging Reveals that Iron-Labeled Extracellular Vesicles Accumulate in Brains of Mice with Metastases

Toomajian,

Tundo,

Ural

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood–brain-barrier interface

Cited by 10 publications

References 181 publications

The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease

The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease

Magnetic particle imaging reveals that iron-labeled extracellular vesicles accumulate in brains of mice with metastases

Magnetic Particle Imaging Reveals that Iron-Labeled Extracellular Vesicles Accumulate in Brains of Mice with Metastases

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