Physiological and pharmacological features of the non-saponin components in Korean Red Ginseng

Hyun, Sun Hee; Kim, Sung Won; Seo, Hwi Won; Youn, Soo-Hyun; Kyung, Jong Soo; Lee, Yong Yook; In, Gyo; Park, Chae-Kyu; Han, Chang Kyun

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2020.01.005

Cited by 91 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Furthermore, polysaccharides stimulate the dendritic-cell-enhancing production of interferon-γ, thereby promoting the production of cytotoxic cells against tumors. The present study also reported that KRG polysaccharides enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages, which was consistent with our analysis [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Biological Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Polysaccharides in Aged Rat Using Global Proteomic Approach

et al. 2020

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Much has been written on the physiological benefits of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG). Among its various components, ginsenosides have been widely investigated for their various pharmacological effects. However, polysaccharides are a major KRG component that has not received scrutiny similar to that of ginsenosides. The present study aims to fill that gap in the existing literature and to investigate the possible functions of polysaccharide in KRG. The researchers evaluated proteomic changes in non-saponin fractions with rich polysaccharides (NFP) in KRG. Based on the serum analysis, proteomics analysis of the liver and the spleen was additionally conducted to identify related functions. We validated the suggested functions of NFP with the galactosamine-induced liver injury model and the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression model. Then, we evaluated the antimetastatic potential of NFP in the lungs. Further proteomics analysis of the spleen and liver after ingestion confirmed functions related to immunity, cancer, hepatoprotection, and others. Then, we validated the suggested corresponding functions of the NFP in vivo model. NFP showed immune-enhancing effects, inhibited melanoma cell metastasis in the lung, and decreased liver damage. The results show that using the proteomic approach uncovers the potential effects of polysaccharides in KRG, which include enhancing the immune system and protecting the liver.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Biological Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Polysaccharides in Aged Rat Using Global Proteomic Approach

et al. 2020

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“…In general, saponins, which were isolated from ginseng that has been proven significant antidiabetic activity. The mechanism of these components in antidiabetic treatment is to moderate the enzyme activity [ 50 , 60 ] to influence glucose metabolism and control insulin secretion [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds From Plants Having Type 2 Antidiabetimentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

Tran

Bao

2020

Biology

292

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Natural products, including organisms (plants, animals, or microorganisms) have been shown to possess health benefits for animals and humans. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, in developing countries, 80% of the population has still depended on traditional medicines or folk medicines which are mostly prepared from the plant for prevention or treatment diseases. Traditional medicine from plant extracts has proved to be more affordable, clinically effective and relatively less adverse effects than modern drugs. Literature shows that the attention on the application of phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical industry has increased significantly. Plant-derived secondary metabolites are small molecules or macromolecules biosynthesized in plants including steroids, alkaloids, phenolic, lignans, carbohydrates and glycosides, etc. that possess a diversity of biological properties beneficial to humans, such as their antiallergic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease result of metabolic disorders in pancreas β-cells that have hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can be caused by a deficiency of insulin production by pancreatic (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or insufficiency of insulin production in the face of insulin resistance (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). The current medications of diabetes mellitus focus on controlling and lowering blood glucose levels in the vessel to a normal level. However, most modern drugs have many side effects causing some serious medical problems during a period of treating. Therefore, traditional medicines have been used for a long time and play an important role as alternative medicines. Moreover, during the past few years, some of the new bioactive drugs isolated from plants showed antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than oral hypoglycemic agents used in clinical therapy. Traditional medicine performed a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. World Health Organization has pointed out this prevention of diabetes and its complications is not only a major challenge for the future, but essential if health for all is to be attained. Therefore, this paper briefly reviews active compounds, and pharmacological effects of some popular plants which have been widely used in diabetic treatment. Morphological data from V-herb database of each species was also included for plant identification.

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“…Meyer has been widely used as a traditional medicine in East Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Japan. The pharmacological effects of P. ginseng against cancer [ 9 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 10 , 11 ], and diabetes [ 12 ], which are attributed to its active constituents such as ginsenosides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, have been reported previously [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Intestinal Immune Response in Mice after Oral Administration of Korea Red Ginseng-Derived Polysaccharide

et al. 2020

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(1) Background: The immunostimulatory role of the polysaccharide fraction (KRG-P) of Korea red ginseng (KRG) was studied in cells. However, its immunomodulatory activity is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the chemical properties of KRG-P and its intestinal immune responses in vitro and in vivo. (2) Methods: KRG-P monosaccharide composition and molecular weight were determined using high-performance liquid and size-exclusion chromatography systems. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and α-defensin-1 transcript levels were measured using a SYBR Green qRT-PCR; defensin-1, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IgA protein levels were determined using Western blotting and ELISA kits. (3) Results: The molecular weight of KRG-P was estimated to be 106 kDa, and it contained neutral sugar (74.3%), uronic acid (24.6%), and proteins (1%). In vitro studies of intestinal immunomodulatory activity of KRG-P indicated that GM-CSF and IgA levels increased in Peyer’s patch cells to higher levels than those obtained with KRG and induced bone marrow cell proliferation. In in vivo study, oral KRG-P administration to mice upregulated the expression of α-defensin-1 and IgA in the small intestinal tissue and that of secreted IgA in the feces. (4) Conclusions: KRG-P contributed to the modulation of intestinal immunity and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis against intestinal infection.

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Physiological and pharmacological features of the non-saponin components in Korean Red Ginseng

Cited by 91 publications

References 91 publications

Biological Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Polysaccharides in Aged Rat Using Global Proteomic Approach

Biological Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Polysaccharides in Aged Rat Using Global Proteomic Approach

Bioactive Compounds in Anti-Diabetic Plants: From Herbal Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery

Enhanced Intestinal Immune Response in Mice after Oral Administration of Korea Red Ginseng-Derived Polysaccharide

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