Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of Prostaglandins

Pj, Kadowitz; Pd, Joiner; Al, Hyman

doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.15.040175.001441

Cited by 91 publications

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“…Qualitatively, some of our data are consistent with some previous studies in a number of mammalian species, whereas other findings in this paper represent a departure and extension of other work on the canine pulmonary vasculature. The present studies clearly confirm that primary prostaglandins of the A, B, D and F series contract canine intrapulmonary veins, whereas PGE, can relax these venous vessels as well as intrapulmonary arteries Kadowitz et al, 1975; Gruetter, McNamara, Hyman & Kadowitz, 1978;Kadowitz, Spannhake, Levin & Hyman, 1980). Our findings, in contrast to others Kadowitz et al, 1975) (Kadowitz et al, 1980), (2) PGE2 can induce relaxation of canine intrapulmonary arteries , (3) PGB2 and PGF2a exert no effects on these arteries , and (4) PGFIa can induce contraction of canine intrapulmonary arteries .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The present studies clearly confirm that primary prostaglandins of the A, B, D and F series contract canine intrapulmonary veins, whereas PGE, can relax these venous vessels as well as intrapulmonary arteries Kadowitz et al, 1975; Gruetter, McNamara, Hyman & Kadowitz, 1978;Kadowitz, Spannhake, Levin & Hyman, 1980). Our findings, in contrast to others Kadowitz et al, 1975) (Kadowitz et al, 1980), (2) PGE2 can induce relaxation of canine intrapulmonary arteries , (3) PGB2 and PGF2a exert no effects on these arteries , and (4) PGFIa can induce contraction of canine intrapulmonary arteries . Our results do not support these findings; i.e., the present data on canine intrapulmonary arteries: (1) fail to demonstrate a relaxant effect for PGA, or PGA2, (2) indicate that PGB2 and PGF2a can induce contraction,(3) showed no relaxation with PGE2 and (4) no contraction to PGFI,a.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…We believe several factors could be responsible for these divergent findings: (a) Other investigators Kadowitz et al, 1975; % maximum KCI response 9.1 + 0.4 x 10-9 3.0 + 0.1 x 10-9 2.6 + 0.4 x 10-9 2.2 + 0.8 x 10-9 2.5 + 0.2 x 10-9 9.4 + 0.5 x 10-8 2.2 + 0.7 x 10-' 3.1 -0.5 x 10-9 2.4 -+ 0.3 x 10-'0 9.9 ± 2.8 x 10-7 4.4 + 0.4 x 10-7 2.2+0.1 x 10-7 1.5 + 0.6 x 10-7 2.7 + 0.5 x 10-7 3.5 + 0.4 x 10-6 1.6 ± 0.2 x 10-6 2.1 + 0.6 x 10-6 3.1 ± 0.6 x 10-7 Altura, 1980). (b) Our bathing medium contained magnesium ions whereas the previous studies Kadowitz et al, 1975;Gruetter et al, 1978) used bathing media lacking Mg2t.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Our bathing medium contained magnesium ions whereas the previous studies Kadowitz et al, 1975;Gruetter et al, 1978) used bathing media lacking Mg2t. Removal of Mg2t from the medium is known to result in loss of contractile activity to some prostaglandins in many vascular (including pulmonary) smooth muscles .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Removal of Mg2t from the medium is known to result in loss of contractile activity to some prostaglandins in many vascular (including pulmonary) smooth muscles . (c) We solubilized our prostaglandins in phosphate buffer, whereas other investigators Kadowitz et al, 1975;Gruetter et al, 1978) used ethanol as a solvent. It has been shown that the low doses of ethanol which are commonly present in the vasoactive concentrations of the prostaglandins used here, and elsewhere Kadowitz et al, 1975;Gruetter et al, 1978) interact with prostaglandins either to inhibit or potentiate the actions of the vasoactive lipids on vascular muscles depending upon the prostaglandin and ethanol dose Altura & Edgarian, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Effects of Prostaglandins on Canine Intrapulmonary Arteries and Veins

Altura

Chand

1981

British J Pharmacology

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1 The sensitivity and contractility of isolated canine intrapulmonary arteries and veins to a variety of primary prostaglandin compounds was studied.2 Intrapulmonary arteries produced no measurable contractile responses to prostaglandin A, (PGA,), PGA2, PGB,, PGD2, PGE,, PGE2 or to PGFI,. However, high concentrations of both PGB2 (> 10-7 M) and PGF2a (> 10-6 M) elicited concentrated-related, but weak, contractile responses, measuring only 5-25% of KCI-induced maximum contractions. 3 Intrapulmonary arteries, partially contracted by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), exhibited concentration-related relaxations in response to PGE,; PGE2, PGA, or PGA2 produced only weak superimposed con)actions. 4 In contrast to intrapulmonary arteries, intrapulmonary veins contracted in a concentrationrelated fashion to all prostaglandins tested, where the contractile sensitivity was (based on EC50 s and threshold concentrations): PGB2 > PGB, > PGD2 > PGF2a > PGA2 >> PGA, > PGFi, > PGE, > PGE,. 5 In terms of the ability to generate maximum contractile responses on intrapulmonary veins, the prostaglandins were also variable, with PGA2 and PGB2 being the most potent and PGD2 the least potent. 6 Intrapulmonary veins, partially contracted by 5-HT, exhibited concentration-related relaxations to PGE, at low concentrations, followed by secondary contractile responses at higher concentrations. 7 Neither PGA1 nor PGA2 (3.4 x 10-# to 3.4 x 10-5 M) inhibited or potentiated 5-HT responses of intrapulmonary arteries. 8 These data suggest that there are species, regional and major qualitative and quantitative, differences in the responsiveness of intrapulmonary arteries and veins to prostaglandin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Effects of Prostaglandins on Canine Intrapulmonary Arteries and Veins

Altura

Chand

1981

British J Pharmacology

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Use of prostaglandin E₁ for emergency palliation of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta

Graham

Atwood

Boucek

1978

Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn.

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Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was infused into the pulmonary artery in a 1-day-old infant with symptomatic coarctation. Umbilical artery pressure rose from 50/40 mm Hg before infusion to 83/48 mm Hg after infusion, indicating significant improvement in lower-body perfusion. Successful coarctation repair was performed during continued PGE1 infusion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported patient in whom PGE1 has been used for successful emergency palliation of symptomatic coarctation.

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Prostaglandin synthesis by cells comprising the calf pulmonary artery

Menconi

Hahn

Polgár

1984

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Prostaglandin (PG) production was evaluated in the three cell types (endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast) comprising the bovine pulmonary artery. Prostacyclin (PGI2) was the predominant prostaglandin (PG) produced by endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast cells as they exist in culture or in freshly excised tissue fragments. In addition to PGI2, measurable amounts of PGE2, PGF2a, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were also produced by these cells. Endothelial cells were the most active producers of PGs. However, the type of PG produced was characteristic of the particular cell type, while the level of production was dependent on external factors. Prostaglandin production by cultured cells, both under basal conditions and in response to stimulatory agents, was quite similar to that of the respective freshly excised tissue fragments containing a given cell type. These cells in culture could be stimulated to produce PGI2 by both angiotensin and bradykinin at very low (physiological) concentrations, a further indication of the retention of the physiological responsiveness of these cells in culture. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were activated by bradykinin at concentrations as low as 10(-12) M but did not respond to angiotensin. Smooth muscle cells in primary and first passage cultures were activated by both bradykinin and angiotensin at 10(-12) M concentrations. Serial subcultivations of smooth muscle cells resulted in a progressive loss in their responsiveness to bradykinin stimulation. The state of cell growth proved to be an important determinant of PG production. Actively growing cells in culture synthesized less PG when compared to cells which had entered into a "quiescent" nongrowth state.

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Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of Prostaglandins

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Differential Effects of Prostaglandins on Canine Intrapulmonary Arteries and Veins

Differential Effects of Prostaglandins on Canine Intrapulmonary Arteries and Veins

Use of prostaglandin E₁ for emergency palliation of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta

Prostaglandin synthesis by cells comprising the calf pulmonary artery

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Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of Prostaglandins

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Differential Effects of Prostaglandins on Canine Intrapulmonary Arteries and Veins

Differential Effects of Prostaglandins on Canine Intrapulmonary Arteries and Veins

Use of prostaglandin E1 for emergency palliation of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta

Prostaglandin synthesis by cells comprising the calf pulmonary artery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Use of prostaglandin E₁ for emergency palliation of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta