Physiological and Phylogenetic Significance of the Direction of Flowering in Inflorescence Complexes

Sell, Yves

doi:10.1016/s0367-2530(17)31957-6

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The activation of paraclades from the axils of leaf primordia occurred in a basipetal direction. This pattern of development is a prime example of how the differentiation of plant organs does not necessarily occur in an acropetal sequence (Sell 1980;Singer and McDaniel 1986). After flowering begins at the shoot apical meristem, paraclade development is promoted and leaf development is inhibited at nodes in the inflorescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The model implies that, during the reproductive phase of Arabidopsis development, two types of phenomena occur: 1) flowers are differentiated acropetally from the shoot apical meristem; 2) axillary meristems develop into paraclades, which are rough copies of the main flowering axis. The model is synthetic in that it incorporates the physiology-of-flowering concepts outlined by Evans (1969) and Bernier (1986) and the morphological concepts of Sell (1980).…”

Section: Post-induction Primordium Initiation In Annual Mustards Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparative analyses of Sell (1980), suggest that the central shoots of annual mustards flower first, before the basipetal (top to bottom) flowering of paraclades. Furthermore, based on his analyses, Sell has suggested that the basipetal differentiation of paraclades following the initiation of flowers on the central axis is a "fundamental" property of inflorescence construction in annual plants (Sell 1980). Figure 1B outlines a model which explains the construction of the Arabidopsis inflorescence based on the observations of Sell (1980) and on the assumption that floral induction elicits the immediate production of flower primordia at the shoot apical meristem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bi-directional inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana: Acropetal initiation of flowers and basipetal initiation of paraclades

Hempel

Feldman

1994

Planta

117

163

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In this study we investigated Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. inflorescence development by characterizing morphological changes at the shoot apex during the transition to flowering. Sixteen-hour photoperiods were used to synchronously induce flowering in vegetative plants grown for 30 d in non-inductive 8-h photoperiods. During the first inductive cycle, the shoot apical meristem ceased producing leaf primordia and began to produce flower primordia. The differentiation of paraclades (axillary flowering shoots), however, did not occur until after the initiation of multiple flower primordia from the shoot apical meristem. Paraclades were produced by the basipetal activation of buds from the axils of leaf primordia which had been initiated prior to photoperiodic induction. Concurrent with the activation of paraclades was the partial suppression of paraclade-associated leaf primordia, which became bract leaves. The suppression of bract-leaf primordia and the abrupt initiation of flower primordia during the first inductive photoperiod is indicative of a single phase change during the transition to flowering in photoperiodically induced Arabidopsis. Morphogenetic changes characteristic of the transition to flowering in plants grown continuously in 16-h photoperiods were qualitatively equivalent to the changes observed in plants which were photoperiodically induced after 30 d. These results suggest that Arabidopsis has only two phases of development, a vegetative phase and a reproductive phase; and that the production of flower primordia, the differentiation of paraclades from the axils of pre-existing leaf primordia and the elongation of internodes all occur during the reproductive phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Post-induction Primordium Initiation In Annual Mustards Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bi-directional inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana: Acropetal initiation of flowers and basipetal initiation of paraclades

Hempel

Feldman

1994

Planta

117

163

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“…After the transition to flowering, secondary meristem development is basipetal, with the uppermost secondary meristem producing the first branch (Hempel and Feldman, 1994). When there are fewer aerial meristems, the release of meristems may proceed more readily down to meristems in the axils of rosette leaves (Sell, 1980), leading to more basal branches. The increase in basal branching we observed resembles the regrowth response of some plants to herbivory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Response to Pathogen Infection in Arabidopsis

2003

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We present evidence that susceptible Arabidopsis plants accelerate their reproductive development and alter their shoot architecture in response to three different pathogen species. We infected 2-week-old Arabidopsis seedlings with two bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris, and an oomycete, Peronospora parasitica. Infection with each of the three pathogens reduced time to flowering and the number of aerial branches on the primary inflorescence. In the absence of competition, P. syringae and P. parasitica infection also increased basal branch development. Flowering time and branch responses were affected by the amount of pathogen present. Large amounts of pathogen caused the most dramatic changes in the number of branches on the primary inflorescence, but small amounts of P. syringae caused the fastest flowering and the production of the most basal branches. RPS2 resistance prevented large changes in development when it prevented visible disease symptoms but not at high pathogen doses and when substantial visible hypersensitive response occurred. These experiments indicate that phylogenetically disparate pathogens cause similar changes in the development of susceptible Arabidopsis. We propose that these changes in flowering time and branch architecture constitute a general developmental response to pathogen infection that may affect tolerance of and/or resistance to disease.One way that plants can respond to pathogen infection is through an induced resistance response called R gene resistance. When a plant has an R gene that confers resistance to an infecting pathogen, the plant initiates extensive biochemical and structural defense mechanisms, including the production of phytoalexins and pathogenesis-related proteins, the strengthening of cell walls, local cell death, and systemic acquired resistance (Dangl and Jones, 2001). Plants that are "susceptible," i.e. do not have R gene resistance to a particular pathogen strain, exhibit many defenses similar to R gene resistance, but are slower in their expression of these responses (Yang et al., 1997;Maleck et al., 2000). Like R gene-resistant plants, susceptible plants have increased levels of salicylic acid (SA; O'Donnell et al., 2001), cell death, and defense mechanisms characteristic of systemic acquired resistance (Glazebrook, 2001). In addition, infected, susceptible plants can exhibit increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, and ethylene (Dong, 1998;Lund et al., 1998;O'Donnell et al., 2003).These responses of plants to pathogen infection bear some similarity to responses to abiotic stress. Both can involve cell death (Beers and McDowell, 2001), ethylene, SA, and JA (Wang et al., 2002) and cause changes in the expression of some of the same transcription factors (Chen et al., 2002). One way in which plants respond to abiotic stresses is to accelerate their transition to reproduction. Researchers have noted that plants flower faster in response to shade, overcrowding, low nutrients, drought, heat, and low light quality (Casal ...

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Recherches de critères pour déterminer la limite entre les domaines végétatif et floral

Sell¹

1996

Feddes Repertorium

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Y. SELL Recherches de critkres pour determiner la limite entre les domaines vegetatif et floral" Essai d'application 21 quelques cas particuliers Avec 17 figures R e s u m e Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n s Une sirie de critkres. tant rnorphologiques que physiologiques, est proposee pour difinir I'unitC de floraison et partant, pour determiner la lirnite entre le dornaine vegetatif et les rigions florales. La prise en compte d'une partie ou de I'ensernble de ces criteres permet, dans de nombreux cas, de fixer cette limite. Toutefois, pour certaines structures particulikres. elle est difficilernent discernable. Si pour les nionopodes floriferes et les productions florales surnurneraires une interpretation est possible, les criteres proposCs s'avkrent insuffisants dans le cas des structures anisocladialeb et des proliferations reitkratives, voire difficilernent applicables dans celui des systernes de rameaux longs-rarneaux courts. Dans ces situations particulikres, iI est d'autant plus important de considirer que tout organisme relkve d'une organisation tant spatiale que ternporelle. Au cours de larnise en place successive des unites structurales construisant une niorphologie, la fonction. a laquelle est subordonnie la structure. represente incontestablernent I'Clement capital.

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Physiological and Phylogenetic Significance of the Direction of Flowering in Inflorescence Complexes

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Bi-directional inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana: Acropetal initiation of flowers and basipetal initiation of paraclades

Bi-directional inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana: Acropetal initiation of flowers and basipetal initiation of paraclades

A Developmental Response to Pathogen Infection in Arabidopsis

Recherches de critères pour déterminer la limite entre les domaines végétatif et floral

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