Physiological and proteomics analyses of Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) responses to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Sghaier-Hammami, Besma; Valero-Galván, José; Romero-Rodríguez, M. Cristina; Navarro-Cerrillo, Rafael M.; Abdelly, Chédly; Jorrín‐Novo, Jesús V.

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.06.030

Cited by 43 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Accordingly, it has been suggested that compatible interaction between Phytophthora and plant hosts could be mediated by interference on chemical defenses (Schlink , Oßwald et al ). Proteomic analysis of holm oaks infected by P. cinnamomi did not reveal up‐regulation of enzymes involved in CT metabolism (Sghaier‐Hammami et al ), although ‘omics’ approaches could only detect a reduced number of the biochemical elements belonging to HT and CT pathways in this species (López‐Hidalgo et al ). The loss of a chemical barrier against herbivores (Xiao et al ) may explain why an increased herbivory attack has been observed after Phytophthora infections on red oaks (Milanovic et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation by biotic stress of tannins biosynthesis in Quercus ilex: Crosstalk between defoliation and Phytophthora cinnamomi infection

Gallardo

Morcuende

Solla

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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Sustainability of the Mediterranean forest is threatened by oak decline, a disease of holm oak and other Quercus species that is initiated by infection with the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi. Focusing on the role of tannins in the chemical defense of plants, this work investigated whether tannins content in Quercus ilex is regulated by biotic stress. Screening of published genomes allowed the identification of Quercus sequences encoding enzymes for early steps of the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, like hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins (CT) among others, plus genes involved in the late steps of CT biosynthesis. Four days after treatment of Q. ilex seedlings by mechanical defoliation, P. cinnamomi infection and both stressors simultaneously, mRNA concentrations for tannins biosynthesis enzymes were measured in leaves. Among the transcript amount for shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.25), anthocyanidin reductase (EC 1.3.1.77), anthocyanidin synthase (EC 1.14.11.19) and leucoanthocyanidine reductase (EC 1.17.1.3), defoliation induced gene expression for SDH2 isoenzyme. About 4 days after infection of roots by P. cinnamomi, this up‐regulation was canceled and SDH enzyme activity decreased. Furthermore, during this late stage of biotrophic interaction the pathogen switched off the correlation engaged by defoliation between the expression of SDH1 and SDH2 encoding genes and chemical defenses corresponding to total tannins, which were down‐regulated. Thus, tannins biosynthesis in seedlings of Q. ilex is induced after mechanical defoliation whereas infection by the pathogen interferes with this regulation, potentially increasing the susceptibility of plants to herbivory and aggravating the impact of biotic stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation by biotic stress of tannins biosynthesis in Quercus ilex: Crosstalk between defoliation and Phytophthora cinnamomi infection

Gallardo

Morcuende

Solla

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Causes of differential survival of seedlings depending on the Phytophthora species have not been described in Q. ilex . Variation in seedling mortality may have resulted from variation in growth of Phytophthora hyphae in host tissue (Redondo et al ., ), root necrosis, lack of water absorption capacity of infected plants following root destruction (Sghaier‐Hammami et al ., ), hormonal changes triggering a generalized dysfunction in plant water relations, or involvement of toxic metabolites (Jung et al ., ; Osswald et al ., ). In the present study, the longest tap roots and highest necrosis lengths were observed in seedlings growing in P. gonapodyides ‐infested soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…on a broad scale. Earlier studies investigated intraspecific variation in susceptibility to P. cinnamomi in Q. ilex (Rodríguez‐Molina et al ., ; León, ; Sghaier‐Hammami et al ., ), but research was conducted using material collected from a limited number of populations or from the same or neighbouring provenances. The present study includes three Phytophthora species ( P .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early survival of Quercus ilex subspecies from different populations after infections and co‐infections by multiple Phytophthora species

et al. 2016

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Forests in Europe are threatened by increased diversity of Phytophthora species, but effects on trees of simultaneous infections by Phytophthora and ecological consequences of their coexistence are unknown. This study explored variation in early survival of Quercus ilex to Phytophthora infections and assessed interactions between Phytophthora species when trees were co-infected. Three Phytophthora species (P. cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides and P. quercina), seeds from 16 populations of Q. ilex (ballota and ilex subspecies) and two infection times were used as sources of variation in two experiments. The influence of Phytophthora species, Q. ilex subspecies and populations on plant germination and survival were analysed using generalized linear mixed models and survival analysis techniques. Germination rates were not influenced by Phytophthora spp. (P = 0.194) but by the subspecies and populations of Q. ilex (P < 0.001). In Phytophthora-infested soils, Q. ilex subsp. ilex germinated at higher rates than Q. ilex subsp. ballota. Plant survival was strongly influenced by Phytophthora species (P < 0.001), not by the subspecies and populations of Q. ilex. Seedling mortality was reduced and delayed if a less virulent Phytophthora species infected plants prior to infection by a more virulent Phytophthora species. The results help to explain oak decline syndrome and the lack of natural and artificial regeneration of Q. ilex forests. Lack of interspecific variability of early survival to Phytophthora spp. discourages direct sowing for artificial reforestation programmes. Large, thick seeds, giving plants rapid growth, are advantageous traits when soils are infested with Phytophthora spp.

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“…In addition to causing substantial economic losses in agriculture, forestry and horticulture, the inadvertent introduction of P. cinnamomi has had disastrous consequences for natural ecosystems and biodiversity. Prime examples include the impact of P. cinnamomi on chestnut and holm oak forests in Europe (Serrazina et al, 2015;Sghaier-Hammami et al, 2013), on avocado and macadamia worldwide (Akinsanmi et al, 2017;Reeksting et al, 2016) and on natural vegetation in south-east and south-west Australia (Cahill et al, 2008;Jung et al, 2013) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora cinnamomi

Hardham

Blackman

2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

188

184

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A root pathogen which causes rotting of fine and fibrous roots, but which can also cause stem cankers. Root damage may inhibit water movement from roots to shoots, leading to dieback of young shoots. USEFUL WEBSITES: http://fungidb.org/fungidb/; http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phyci1/Phyci1.home.html; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCA_001314365.1; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCA_001314505.1.

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Physiological and proteomics analyses of Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) responses to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Cited by 43 publications

References 65 publications

Regulation by biotic stress of tannins biosynthesis in Quercus ilex: Crosstalk between defoliation and Phytophthora cinnamomi infection

Regulation by biotic stress of tannins biosynthesis in Quercus ilex: Crosstalk between defoliation and Phytophthora cinnamomi infection

Early survival of Quercus ilex subspecies from different populations after infections and co‐infections by multiple Phytophthora species

Phytophthora cinnamomi

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