Physiological and Psychological Markers of Overtraining and Burnout in Elite Swimmers

Exploring the Social-Environmental Determinants of Well- and Ill-Being in Dancers: A Test of Basic Needs Theory

“…This would help to delineate predictors of day-to-day variability in welland ill-being, and also allow for the examination of class-and potentially schoollevel effects. Incorporating markers of metabolic and immunological functioning (Lemyre et al, 2004), alongside self-report measures of health status (i.e., well-and ill-being), would also advance our understanding of the role of basic needs in the manifestation of physical and psychological health in dance settings, as well as other physical activity contexts.…”

“…In line with Reinboth and Duda (2006), it might be the case that psychological needs are stronger predictors of indicators of psychological or emotional ill-being than physical ill health (which is not to say that need satisfaction is not relevant to variability in physical health status). Supporting this argument, previous research has indicated that motivational and physiological processes contribute to athlete burnout (Lemyre, Roberts, Treasure, Stray-Gundersen, & Matt, 2004). Burnout is understood to represent a syndrome characterized by a reduced sense of athletic accomplishment and depersonalization as well as emotional and physical exhaustion (Raedeke, 1997).…”

Adjustment Disorder: a new way of conceptualizing the overtraining syndrome

“…While the literature does build strong evidence towards the biopsychosocial scope of overtraining, shifting the research and treatment focus from the simple notion of training loads, performance decrement and recovery schedules onto a more inclusive and comprehensive biopsychosocial model of adjustment remains a significant challenge (Lemyre, Stray-Gundersen, Treasure, Matt, & Roberts, 2004). A major reason for this challenge is due to the ineffective amalgamation of the biological, psychological and social components in the research and treatment practice of the phenomenon.…”

“…Stigmatization of broader psychosocial issues within the sporting community and denial of their influence by athletes and coaches can place limits on opportunities to study and treat maladjustment and performance decrement (Lemyre et al, 2004). This is because many coaches, athletes and broader support staff tend to shun the notion of any factor, apart from biological processes surrounding the training load, as having any significant influence.…”

“…This is because many coaches, athletes and broader support staff tend to shun the notion of any factor, apart from biological processes surrounding the training load, as having any significant influence. This perspective has also resulted in an under-utilization of psychological questionnaires to measure shifts in adjustment and coping, even though they are more sensitive and less invasive instruments to use on athletes compared to many biological tests (Lemyre et al, 2004).…”