Physiological aspects, indications and contraindications of enteral fluid therapy

Enteral fluid therapy through nasogastric tube in rumen cannulated goats

“…The orogastric route can be recommended for administration of ϐluids in ruminants to increase plasma volume, alter plasma electrolyte concentration, blood pH and promote diuresis (Hossaini-Hilali et al 1994, Silanikove 2000 because rumen epithelia has a great absorptive ability to electrolytes and water (Dobson et al 1976, Leonhard-Marek 2002. Also, the gastrointestinal tract is the most physiological form of ϐluid therapy because the mucosa acts as a natural selective barrier for absorption and the ϐluids must not be necessarily sterile nor with ϐinely adjusted composition, resulting in an easier and lower cost route of administration (Lopes 2002). However the need of introducing and removing the tube at each administration is laborious, stressing to the animal with high risk of causing injuries to esophagus and pharynx mucosa.…”

“…Fluid therapy in ruminants is often administered by intravenous and orogastric route (Dirksen 1993). Intravenous administration of ϐluid therapy has the advantage of immediate systemic effects without concerning integrity of the gastrointestinal tract; however, this form of ϐluid therapy presents the limitations of high cost and the use of sterile material and ϐluids with ϐinely adjusted compositions (Lopes 2002). The orogastric route can be recommended for administration of ϐluids in ruminants to increase plasma volume, alter plasma electrolyte concentration, blood pH and promote diuresis (Hossaini-Hilali et al 1994, Silanikove 2000 because rumen epithelia has a great absorptive ability to electrolytes and water (Dobson et al 1976, Leonhard-Marek 2002.…”

“…This tube causes less discomfort to the animal and, when connected to a coiled line, the patient can eat and move freely, a very important feature to welfare when prolonged treatments are needed (Lopes 2002, Ribeiro Filho et al 2011). Therefore, this route has the same advantages of the orogastric route without the limitations cited above.…”

Administration of enteral fluid therapy: methods, composition of fluids and complications

“…The physiological basis for enteral fluid therapy, indications and contraindications for this treatment in horses have been discussed in the companion paper (Lopes 2002a). Despite the potential benefits of enteral fluid therapy, it has barely been mentioned in the current literature.…”

Efeitos do polietilenoglicol 3350 e de soluções acidificantes e alcalinizantes sobre o perfil bioquímico de éguas hígidas

“…A hiperidratação IV, associada ao sulfato de magnésio (Lopes, 2002), ou a planta Sene (Ribeiro Filho, 2003) demonstraram efeitos laxativos em equinos, mas o uso somente da hiperidratação IV pode estimular a secreção no lúmen intestinal, contribuindo para umedecer a ingesta em segmentos intestinais como o ceco (Gerard, 2003) e o cólon maior (White e Lopes, 2003;Lopes et al, 2004).…”