Physiological Aspects of Symbiotic Associations between Fungi and other Plants

Lewis, D. H.

doi:10.1017/s0024282970000427

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Although other fractions into which photosynthate may be partitioned are not included in the present study, cucumber leaves in early stages of infection by S. fuliginea have previously been shown to incorporate twice as high a proportion of 14 C-labelled photosynthate into both storage and membrane lipids as healthy leaves (Abood & Lösel, 1989;Abood et al, 1990). Thus in this system, as with other biotrophic fungal pathogens, conversion of photosynthate to fungal polyols, trehalose, glycogen (Lewis, 1970;Long et al, 1975), lipid and other fungal constituents facilitates a high rate of transport across the host-pathogen interface to support the growth and sporulation of the mycelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The substantial synthesis of polyols and trehalose, all virtually absent from healthy leaves, during the development of S. fuliginea in cucumber, is consistent with previous observations on powdery mildew infection of leaves of barley (Edwards & Allen, 1966); oak (Hewitt & Ayres, 1976); pea (Manners & Gay, 1982); and grapevine (Brem et al, 1986), although the relative proportions of individual fractions sometimes differed. As in other biotrophic infections, polyols provide the fungal partner with a a substantial mobile sink of reduced carbon, which is not normally accessible to host metabolism (Lewis & Smith, 1967;Lewis, 1970;Holligan et al, 1973;Holligan et al, 1974). The early acceleration of α-glucan synthesis immediately after inoculation, and its further dramatic rise between 5 and 7 dai, with marked alterations in the proportions of fractions of differing solubility, indicated rapid incorporation of photosynthate into fungal glucans, particularly glycogen, which then increased more slowly to a final value close to that attained by total glucans in healthy leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in carbohydrate composition of cucumber leaves during the development of powdery mildew infection

Abood¹,

Lösel²

2003

Plant Pathology

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Within 3 days after inoculation, greater rates of decrease of hexoses, and of increases in inositol and α -glucans, were detected in leaves of cucumber leaves infected with Sphaerotheca fuliginea (now reclassified as Podosphaera xanthii ) than in healthy leaves, together with synthesis of fungal mannitol, arabitol and trehalose. With the onset of sporulation (5 days after inoculation, dai), glucose, polyols, trehalose and glycogen content, as well as fresh and dry weight of leaf tissue, increased more rapidly than in healthy plants, while sucrose, raffinose and starch declined. Starch, glycogen and other α -glucans, extracted from ethanol-insoluble tissue fractions of different water-solubility from healthy and infected leaves, were quantified after amyloglucosidase treatment. Infection-induced alterations in partitioning of photosynthate during a 14 h photoperiod at 7 dai, including a close correspondence in patterns of synthesis of glucose, polyols and glycogen, further clarified the process of diversion of host assimilate to the pathogen. The presence of glucose, but only traces of sucrose in spores, supported evidence from other powdery mildew infections for photosynthate being transferred to S. fuliginea as glucose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in carbohydrate composition of cucumber leaves during the development of powdery mildew infection

Abood¹,

Lösel²

2003

Plant Pathology

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“…A feature of the transfer of sucrose from host to parasite appears to be its hydrolysis before absorption (Yuen, 1969;Lewis, 1970). This is supported by the absolute increase in amount of hexoses in infected regions of Tussilago and the increased incorporation of radioactivity into them (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Healthy and Rusted Leaves of Coltsfoot

1974

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Summary Infection of leaves of Tussilago by Puccinia poarum results in decreased export of photosynthetic products and, when infection is severe, in increased import. Photosynthetic products move to infection sites where host metabolites are converted to specific fungal products, including mannitol, arabitol, trehalose, glycogen, glucomannan and lipids. More previously fixed 14C is translocated to the fungus in the dark than in the light since, in the dark, degradation of starch contributes to net movement of 14C.

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“…Las Ericáceas parecen tener su origen en el temprano Terciario (Lewis, 1987). Géneros como Arctostaphylos, Calluna, Erica, Rhododendron, Vaccinum, Epacris y Astroloma (Cairney & Ashford, 2002;Wang & Qiu, 2006) entre otros, han desarrollado un particular tipo de micorriza "ericoide" (Smith & Read, 2008) con Rhizoscyphus (Hymenoscyphus) ericae, cuya capacidad de formar simbiosis con hepáticas (Pressel & al., 2008) y ectomicorrizas con angiospermas y gimnospermas (Vrälstad & al., 2002) ha sido demostrada.…”

Section: De Los Cambios Del Terciario Al Cuaternario: Otros Tipos De unclassified

Las micorrizas: una relación planta-hongo que dura más de 400 millones de años

Honrubia¹

2009

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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ResumenHonrubia, M. 2009. Las micorrizas: una relación planta-hongo que dura más de 400 millones de años. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 66S1: 133-144.Se define el concepto de micorriza en un sentido amplio, como una simbiosis no necesariamente mutualística, para incluir las relaciones tróficas de hongos micorrícicos con plantas "inferiores" y plantas aclorofílicas. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el origen y diversificación de las micorrizas. Se evidencia el carác-ter pionero de la micorriza arbuscular formada por los Glomeromycota y se resalta su importancia en el proceso de 'terrestrialización'. Se comenta la formación cronológica de los restantes tipos de micorrizas. Se denota la evolución independiente y recurrente de las ectomicorrizas, formadas por Basidiomycota y Ascomycota inicialmente saprófitos, que sugiere una versatilidad en las estrategias nutricionales de estos hongos, como respuesta adaptativa a los cambios ambientales. Similares respuestas debieron ser la causa del origen de las singulares micorrizas ericoides, arbutoides y heliantemoides. Se expone la particular relación trófica entre plantas aclorofílicas como Monotropa o de orquídeas en sus fases hetrotróficas con sus hongos simbiontes. Finalmente, se comenta la reciente evolución de sistemas radicales micotróficamente independientes. The concept of mycorrhiza is considered in a wide sense, as a not necessarily mutualistic symbiosis, covering the trophic relations of mycorrhizal fungi with "inferior" and achlorophyllics plants. A bibliographical review of the origin and diversification of mycorrhizae is made. The pioneering characteristics of the arbuscular mycorrhiza formed by Glomeromycota are discussed, emphasizing its importance during the terrestrialization processes. The chronological appearance of the other types of mycorrhizas is discussed. The independent and recurrent evolution of the ectomycorrhizas formed by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota is discussed; their saprobiont or parasite origin points to the versatile nutritional strategy of these fungi, in adaptative response to environmental changes, as does the origin of the singular ericoid, arbutoid and helianthemoid mycorrhizas. The particular trophic relation between achlorophyllic plants, such as Monotropa and orchids, in their heterotrophic phases, with their "mycorrhizal" fungi is also described. Finally, the recent evolution of the non mycotrophic root systems is commented on.Key words: Mycorrhizae, origin, evolution, symbiosis. Definición y concepto de micorrizasEl término micorriza, que literalmente significa "hongo-raíz", fue propuesto por Frank (1885), para definir asociaciones simbióticas ("vivir conjuntamente dos o más organismos"), mutualistas, no patógenas, entre raíces de plantas y micelios de hongos, en las que ambos resultan beneficiados.Actualmente, el concepto de "micorriza" se considera en un sentido más amplio, para dar cabida a aquellas asociaciones simbióticas hongo-planta que no se establecen en raíces, sino en otros órganos de contacto, especializados p...

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Physiological Aspects of Symbiotic Associations between Fungi and other Plants

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Changes in carbohydrate composition of cucumber leaves during the development of powdery mildew infection

Changes in carbohydrate composition of cucumber leaves during the development of powdery mildew infection

Carbohydrate Metabolism in Healthy and Rusted Leaves of Coltsfoot

Las micorrizas: una relación planta-hongo que dura más de 400 millones de años

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