Physiological Bases of Physical Limitations During Exercise

Lafortuna, Claudio L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35972-9_2

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This mediational relationship has been shown to apply to the general population, but we hypothesize that the link is particularly strong among obese individuals. A host of physiological , biomechanical and psychological factors associated with obesity combine to broaden the range and intensify the severity of aversive somatic symptoms generated by physical activity and exercise (Fig. ).…”

Section: Integrative Conceptual Framework: the Centrality Of Pleasurementioning

confidence: 99%

The mysterious case of the public health guideline that is (almost) entirely ignored: call for a research agenda on the causes of the extreme avoidance of physical activity in obesity

et al. 2016

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Physical activity and exercise guidelines for weight management call for at least 60 min of daily activity. However, these documents fail to acknowledge that almost no obese adults meet this target and that non-adherence and dropout are even higher among obese individuals than the general population. The reasons for this level of activity avoidance among obese individuals remain poorly understood, and there are no evidence-based methods for addressing the problem. Opinions among exercise scientists are polarized. Some advocate moderate intensity and long duration, whereas others call for high intensity and shorter duration. The latter approach attributes the inactivity and high dropout to limited discretionary time and the slow accrual of visible benefits. However, higher intensity has been associated with non-adherence and dropout, whereas longer duration has not. A conceptual model is then proposed, according to which obesity interacts with intensity, causing physical activity and exercise to be associated with reduced pleasure among obese individuals. We theorize that, in turn, repeated experiences of reduced pleasure lead to avoidance. On this basis, we call for a research agenda aimed at identifying the causes of activity-associated and exercise-associated displeasure in obesity and, by extension, the causes of the extreme physical inactivity among obese individuals.

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Section: Integrative Conceptual Framework: the Centrality Of Pleasurementioning

confidence: 99%

The mysterious case of the public health guideline that is (almost) entirely ignored: call for a research agenda on the causes of the extreme avoidance of physical activity in obesity

et al. 2016

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“…In this condition, the disproportionately augmented mass of fat tissue put muscles at disadvantage during the execution of everyday life activities as well as during specific exercise movements. In fact, body mass excess imposes a burden limiting most motor capabilities with a particularly disabling effect in women, who are inherently endowed with a reduced amount of SM (Evers Larsson & Mattsson, 2001;Lafortuna, 2013). In spite of this, several studies have evidenced a preservation or even an increase in muscle strength in obese individuals during movements of different body segments and under different conditions (Hulens et al, 2001;Lafortuna et al, 2005), which was no longer apparent when fat-free mass was accounted for, suggesting that also the mass of involved muscles was augmented in the condition of overweight/obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of body adiposity on structural characteristics of skeletal muscle in men and women

Lafortuna

Tresoldi

Rizzo

2013

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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The structure of skeletal muscle (SM) can be characterized by quantitative (size) and qualitative (composition) attributes, which are disparately reported to be influenced by body adiposity. This study tests the hypothesis that body adiposity exerts a systematic influence on these muscle characteristics and evaluates the possible functional implications for movements. Lower limb SM volume (VSM) and attenuation (ATTSM), an inverse measure of lipid infiltration in muscle, were determined with computed tomography in 21 men (BMI = 21-36 kg m(-2) ; age = 31-71 years.) and 18 women (BMI = 19-35 kg m(-2) ; age = 32-76 years.). After adjusting for age, a multivariate regression analysis revealed that body adiposity positively correlated (P<0·05-0·001) with absolute VSM and cross-sectional area (CSA) in both genders, while VSM per unit body mass (VSM/BM) decreased with adiposity (P<0·001) in women and was constant in men. ATTSM was higher in men (P<0·05) and decreased (P<0·05) with adiposity in both genders. The product of ATTSM by average muscle CSA (predictor of maximal strength) and by VSM/BM (predictor of maximal dynamic performance) was lower in women (P<0·001) and was reduced by age in both genders (P<0·05-0·01), while obesity had a negative effect (P<0·001) only on the predictor of performance. In conclusion, body adiposity significantly increases SM size and reduces ATTSM. Structural indicators accounting for both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of SM may be useful predictors of the effects of obesity on motor function at different ages. With rising body adiposity and advancing age, women appear mostly affected by the decline of SM features relevant for motor performance.

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“…Exercise testing is a good tool to learn about work capacity and to prescribe proper exercise regimen. However, an accurate assessment is limited by gait instability to treadmill walking, low functional capacity, uneven body weight distribution or accompanying orthopedic hindrance [82]. Hence, the identification of a circulating miRNA signature to assess exercise capacity can impact evaluations on the duration and frequency of exercise to minimize risks, as well as to better monitor the exercise response to weight loss.…”

Section: Circulating Mirnas and Exercisementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Increased adiposity affects body composition, resulting in an imbalance between whole body mass and skeletal muscle mass. Thus, aerobic activities are limited because of a significant metabolic energy requirement to move a heavier body [82]. Exercise testing is a good tool to learn about work capacity and to prescribe proper exercise regimen.…”

Section: Circulating Mirnas and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

The implications on clinical diagnostics of using microRNA-based biomarkers in exercise

Gomes

Kim

Wang

et al. 2015

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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Regular exercise is one of the best ways to maintain health and to prevent and control several chronic diseases. Identifying the molecular mechanisms associated with benefits of exercise is crucial and miRNAs have been suggested to be key players. Understanding the roles of miRNAs in these processes provides an opportunity to improve the clinical application of using exercise as a therapeutic intervention. Circulating miRNAs particularly are promising candidates for non-invasive biomarkers, which would enable oriented interventions. Furthermore, better and easier ways to assess exercise capacity can impact exercise evaluations and prescriptions, minimizing risks and monitoring the exercise response better. This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs, recent advancements in miRNAs associated with exercise and addresses their role as biomarkers for exercise-related biological responses.

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Physiological Bases of Physical Limitations During Exercise

Cited by 4 publications

References 58 publications

The mysterious case of the public health guideline that is (almost) entirely ignored: call for a research agenda on the causes of the extreme avoidance of physical activity in obesity

The mysterious case of the public health guideline that is (almost) entirely ignored: call for a research agenda on the causes of the extreme avoidance of physical activity in obesity

Influence of body adiposity on structural characteristics of skeletal muscle in men and women

The implications on clinical diagnostics of using microRNA-based biomarkers in exercise

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