Physiological Basis for Bermudagrass Control with Ethofumesate in Seashore Paspalum and St. Augustinegrass

McCullough, Patrick E.; Yu, Jialin; Johnston, Christopher R.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0359

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The only selective herbicide labeled for bermudagrass suppression in seashore paspalum is ethofumesate (Bayer CropScience, 2017a). Selective suppression of bermudagrass is attributed to higher foliar and root absorption of ethofumesate relative to seashore paspalum (McCullough et al, 2016). Bermudagrass suppression in seashore paspalum turf was achieved by sequential applications of ethofumesate plus flurprimidol.…”

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Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass Response to Spray Applications of Postemergence Herbicides

Lindsey

DeFrank

Cheng

2019

hortte

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The use of nonpotable water for irrigation on various sport venues has led to an increased use of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) turf in Hawaii. An ongoing challenge many seashore paspalum turf managers struggle with is bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) infestations. Herbicide efficacy studies were conducted at the Hoakalei Country Club [‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum (fairway cut)] and the Magoon Research Station [‘SeaStar’ seashore paspalum (grown in container)] on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. Spray applications of the herbicides mesotrione, topramezone, metribuzin, and ethofumesate were evaluated alone and in tank mixtures for bermudagrass suppression and seashore paspalum injury. At the Hoakalei Country Club, maximum bermudagrass injury with minimal seashore paspalum discoloration was obtained with tank mixes of mesotrione (0.06 lb/acre) + metribuzin (0.19 lb/acre) + ethofumesate (1.00 lb/acre) and topramezone (0.02 lb/acre) + metribuzin (0.19 lb/acre) + ethofumesate (1.00 lb/acre). Unacceptable seashore paspalum turf injury was obtained in all treatments that did not include metribuzin. At the Magoon Research Station, maximum selective bermudagrass suppression was achieved with tank mixes of topramezone (0.01 lb/acre) + ethofumesate (1.00 lb/acre) and topramezone (0.01 lb/acre) + metribuzin (0.09 lb/acre) + ethofumesate (1.00 lb/acre). The addition of metribuzin and/or ethofumesate to the tank mix safened (reduced turf discoloration) seashore paspalum to topramezone or mesotrione foliar bleaching. Tank mixes of mesotrione, topramezone, metribuzin, and ethofumesate have the potential for bermudagrass suppression and control of other grassy weeds in seashore paspalum turf.

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confidence: 99%

Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass Response to Spray Applications of Postemergence Herbicides

Lindsey

DeFrank

Cheng

2019

hortte

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“…The increase of ethofumesate resistance could also be problematic in areas with warm-season grasses, such as seashore paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) and St. Augustinegrass [ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], where annual bluegrass appears as a weed (McCullough et al 2012). In these settings, ethofumesate is the only available option for bermudagrass control (McCullough et al 2016), and these applications could lead to further selection of resistant annual bluegrass biotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethofumesate-resistant annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in grass seed production systems

Vukovic,

Mattox,

Kowalewski

et al. 2023

Weed Technol

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The prolific seed production and polyploidy of annual bluegrass allow for the rapid development of herbicide resistance. Ethofumesate-resistant annual bluegrass plants were identified in the 1990s in grass seed production in Oregon but their prevalence and distribution are not well documented. Therefore, a dose-response experiment was initiated to determine the potential level of ethofumesate resistance in seed production systems. Seeds from 55 annual bluegrass populations were obtained from three sources: seed production fields (31 populations), seed cleaning process (6 populations), and seed testing lots prior to retail distribution (18 populations). Additionally, two populations, one with known ethofumesate resistance and one with known susceptibility, were identified in preliminary testing and used as controls in this experiment. Seed from each collected population was increased. Individual seedlings were then transplanted into separate cone-tainers, grown to a size of 2 to 3 tillers in the greenhouse, and then sprayed using a compressed air track spray chamber with ten doses of ethofumesate: 0, 0.56, 1.1, 2.8, 5.6, 8.4, 11.2, 16.8, 22.4, and 44.8 kg ai ha−1; with 0.84 to 2.2 kg ha−1 as the label application rates for perennial ryegrass. The resistant to susceptible ratio of populations across all sources ranged from 0.5 to 5.5. The most resistant populations found in production fields, seed cleaning, and seed testing lots had ED50 values of 12.1, 9.4, and 13.1 kg ha−1, respectively. Further, 68% of the populations found in production fields had the effective dose necessary to kill 50% of the population (ED50) higher than 6 kg ha−1, indicating common annual bluegrass resistance in grass seed production. As such, herbicides alone will likely be ineffective at controlling annual bluegrass, and integrated weed management strategies should be implemented by growers.

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“…Reduced levels of root absorption have been attributed to annual bluegrass resistance to atrazine in the absence of a mutated D1 protein (Svyantek et al 2016). Root absorption levels also contribute to the selectivity of herbicides used for annual bluegrass control and the susceptibility of turfgrass species to injury from applications (Lycan and Hart 2006; McCullough et al 2016; Singh et al 2015; Yu and McCullough 2016; Yu et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant counts for the nontreated averaged 9 (±1.7 SE) and 6 (±1.5 SE) per pot for the R and S biotypes in Experiment 3, respectively, and 15 (±1.5 SE) and 25 (±2.7 SE) in Experiment 4, respectively. turfgrass species to injury from applications (Lycan and Hart 2006;McCullough et al 2016;Singh et al 2015;Yu and McCullough 2016;Yu et al 2013).…”

Section: Control a Experiments Herbicidementioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Pronamide-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua)

McCullough

Czarnota

2016

Weed Sci

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A biotype of annual bluegrass with suspected resistance to pronamide was collected from a golf course in Georgia. The objectives of this research were to determine the level of resistance to pronamide and the mechanisms associated with resistance. From POST applications, the pronamide rate that reduced shoot biomass 50% from the nontreated bluegrass measured >10 times higher for the resistant (R) biotype as compared with susceptible (S) biotypes. The R biotype was not controlled by PRE applications of dithiopyr or prodiamine, but was controlled >92% by PRE applications of pronamide at 0.56 and 1.68 kg ha −1 . Mature plants (3-to 5-tiller) of the R biotype absorbed 32% less [14 C]pronamide than the S biotype after 72 h in hydroponic culture and accumulated 39% less radioactivity per gram basis of dry shoot mass. The R biotype metabolized [ 14 C]pronamide similar to the S biotype, averaging 16% of the extracted radioactivity. The resistance to POST pronamide applications in the R biotype is associated with reduced absorption and translocation compared with the S biotype. Nomenclature: Pronamide (propyzamide); annual bluegrass, Poa annua L. Key words: Absorption, mitotic inhibitor, translocation, turfgrass.Annual bluegrass is a problematic weed in turfgrass. It has a light-green color, coarse leaf texture, and produces unsightly seed heads that reduce turfgrass aesthetics (Beard 1970). Annual bluegrass also has poor tolerance to heat, disease, and traffic stress that may further exacerbate reductions in turfgrass quality (Beard 1970;Lush 1989). The decline of annual bluegrass in late spring reduces turf density and predisposes areas to invasion of summer annual weeds. Practitioners can reduce populations by adjusting turfgrass fertility, modifying irrigation regimens, and collecting mower clippings after annual bluegrass seed head emergence (Gaussoin and Branham 1989;Lush 1989). Cultural practices that promote turfgrass competition with annual bluegrass often do not provide acceptable levels of control, and herbicide use may be warranted.Mitotic inhibitors are widely used for PRE control of annual bluegrass in turf. The dinitroaniline (DNA) herbicides inhibit microtubule polymerization by binding to tubulin that restricts chromosome movement during prometaphase of mitosis and causes isodiametric cell formation (Blume et al. 2003;Murthy et al 1994;Vaughn and Lehnen 1991). Dithiopyr is a mitotic inhibitor used for PRE annual bluegrass control in turf that does not bind to tubulin. Rather, dithiopyr binds to microtubule-associated proteins that shorten microtubules during mitosis (Armbruster et al. 1991;Vaughn and Lehnen 1991). Dithiopyr and the DNA herbicides have limited efficacy for POST annual bluegrass control. Application timing before germination is critical to maximize efficacy of these herbicides for PRE control (Bhowmik and Bingham 1990;Toler et al. 2003Toler et al. , 2007.Pronamide (propyzamide) is a benzamide herbicide that provides PRE and POST annual bluegrass control in warm-season turfgrasses (Isgrigg ...

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Physiological Basis for Bermudagrass Control with Ethofumesate in Seashore Paspalum and St. Augustinegrass

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass Response to Spray Applications of Postemergence Herbicides

Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass Response to Spray Applications of Postemergence Herbicides

Ethofumesate-resistant annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in grass seed production systems

First Report of Pronamide-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua)

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