Physiological Basis for the Different Phloem Mobilities of Chlorsulfuron and Clopyralid

Devine, M. D.; Bestman, Hank D.; Born, W. H. Vanden

doi:10.1017/s0043174500056034

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, although the shoot Cu concentration was not reduced by chlorsulfuron, Cu concentration in roots was dramatically reduced. These observations are consistent with the facts that root entry of chlorsulfuron into cereal crops leads to a greater injury than foliar entry (Lemerle, 1993 and references therein) and that phloem transport of chlorsulfuron from leaves to roots is impaired (Devine et al, 1990). Zinc concentration in shoots, unlike Cu, was also reduced by chlorsulfuron.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of herbicide chlorsulfuron on growth and nutrient uptake parameters of wheat genotypes differing in Zn-efficiency

1995

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Chlorsulfuron has been reported to induce and aggravate Zn and Cu deficiency in wheat when applied to crops grown on soils with low availability of these micronutrients. In the present study, the effect of chlorsulfuron on the growth of three wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L., cvs Excalibur and Gatcher, and T. turgidum conv. durum (Desf.) McKay cv Durati) differing in zinc efficiency was examined in Zn-deficient sandy soil fertilised with 0 or 0.8 mg Zn kg-l soil. Excalibur has previously been identified as the Zn-efficient genotype which can take up more Zn and has higher yield in soils with low plant-available Zn, while Gatcher and especially Durati are Zn-inefficient genotypes. Chlorsulfuron reduced the shoot dry weight but not root dry weight. Zn concentration and content in shoots and roots were reduced by chlorsulfuron when applied with 0.8 mg Zn kg -1 soil. Copper concentration was reduced by Chlorsulfuron in roots but not in shoots. Chlorsulfuron reduced the growth rate of the third leaf, decreased the total length of roots (especially the length of fine roots with diameter _< 0.2 ram), and increased the average root diameter, more so in the Zn-inefficient genotype Durati than in the other two genotypes. Gatcher is the genotype most tolerant to chlorsulfuron among the three wheat genotypes judged by its root system being less affected by chlorsulfuron. Excalibur grew well at the three-leaf stage (growth rate of the third leaf was not significantly inhibited by chlorsulfuron) but not better than Gatcher later because of inhibition of root growth by chlorsulfuron. The results indicate that Zn-efficiency trait of plants may contribute to the tolerance to chlorsulfuron but still there are other mechanisms involved. The reduced content of Zn or Cu may be a consequence of reduced growth of plant roots and alteration of root geometry or morphology because the net uptake rates (based on root surface area) of these micronutrients were not reduced by chlorsulfuron.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of herbicide chlorsulfuron on growth and nutrient uptake parameters of wheat genotypes differing in Zn-efficiency

1995

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“…In terms of penoxsulam, which is a foliage-translocated herbicide, some weeds escaped when it was applied at an early stage. Penoxsulam kill the weeds by inhibiting the acetolactase synthase enzyme, which ultimately reduced the transport of photosynthate from source leaves to roots, resulting in root growth inhibition (Devine, 1989;Devine, Bestman, & Vanden Born, 1990;Shaner, 1991). Because most of the weeds emerged late, they escaped the mechanism of transport of photosynthate from source leaves to roots.…”

Section: Yield Response and Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Management in Aerobic Rice in Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains

Mahajan

Chauhan

Johnson

2009

Journal of Crop Improvement

124

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Aerobic rice systems, wherein the crop is established via direct seeding in non-puddled, non-flooded fields, are among the most promising approaches for saving water and labor. However, aerobic systems are subject to much higher weed pressure than conventionally puddled transplanted rice (CPTR). Experiments were conducted for two years to develop effective and economical methods for managing weeds in aerobic rice grown by direct seeding rather than by conventional transplanting method. The proportion of mean grass-weed dry matter was 28.3% more in aerobic direct-seeded rice (ADSR) as compared to CPTR. Both weed density and dry weight were negatively correlated with rice grain yield. ADSR treatment produced yield similar to CPTR treatment when weeds were controlled effectively. Post-emergence application of bispyribac Na 25 g/ha and penoxsulam 25 g/ha could effectively control all the weeds in ADSR. Irrigation water productivity remained statistically the same in both ADSR and CPTR under the weed-free situation or when bispyribac Na herbicide was applied as post-emergence because of effective weed control in ADSR. The variation in net profitability between the ADSR and CPTR decreased with herbicide treatments, viz., Bispyribac Na, followed by penoxsulam and sequential application of pretilachlor and metsulfuron.

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“…Kleier (1988) developed a model demonstrating that weak acids, which exhibit intermediate permeability, are more likely to be translocated in the phloem with photosynthate. Devine et al (1990) found that translocation of sulfonylureas from treated leaves of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L.) is limited by the availability of the branched-chain amino acids. A deficiency of these amino acids will cause the meristems to cease division, resulting in a loss of sink strength.…”

Section: Foliar Absorption and Translocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halosulfuron and 2,4-D Mixtures' Effects on Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

et al. 2006

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Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the response of common lambsquarters to POST applications of halosulfuron–methyl plus 2,4-D admixtures and to investigate the effects of 2,4-D on the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of halosulfuron. In the greenhouse, halosulfuron at 0, 4.5, 9, 18, and 36 g ai/ha was applied alone and mixed with 2,4-D at 0, 17, 35, and 70 g ai/ha POST to 7.5- to 9-cm seedlings, and plant fresh weights were determined 4 wk after treatment (WAT). Halosulfuron alone did not control this weed, while fresh weights of common lambsquarters treated with 2,4-D declined hyperbolically as rates increased. A synergistic response for mixtures of these herbicides occurred, as observed fresh weights for all combinations were less than expected based on independent action and the calibrated marginal responses. In the laboratory, 7.5- to 9-cm seedlings were treated POST with commercially formulated halosulfuron at 9 and 18 g/ha and 2,4-D at 0, 70, and 140 g/ha, respectively, followed by foliar-applied14C-halosulfuron. Absorption of14C-halosulfuron increased with time, and absorption and translocation were not influenced by the addition of 2,4-D. Results from these studies inferred that halosulfuron and 2,4-D were generally synergistic on common lambsquarters and that mechanisms other than absorption, translocation, and metabolism may explain this response.

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Physiological Basis for the Different Phloem Mobilities of Chlorsulfuron and Clopyralid

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of herbicide chlorsulfuron on growth and nutrient uptake parameters of wheat genotypes differing in Zn-efficiency

Effects of herbicide chlorsulfuron on growth and nutrient uptake parameters of wheat genotypes differing in Zn-efficiency

Weed Management in Aerobic Rice in Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains

Halosulfuron and 2,4-D Mixtures' Effects on Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

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