Physiological basis of Growth and Development among Children and Adolescent in Relation to Physical Activity

Abstract

Physical inactivity is one of the leading causes of serious chronic disease which keeps on increasing with high rate. Physical activity plays an important role in enhancing the various physiological dimensions of growth and development in children and adolescents. Physical activity of different duration will enhance cardiovascular health, bone ossification, muscle growth and endocrine glands secretion. Data suggested that anthropometry is a key component for growth and development assessment in children and adolescent especially body mass index, which is quite effective and reliable. Without engaging the children's in physical activity leads to increased chances of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes in future and that fastenings the attention of fitness personal and policy makers. Developing good practices early in life, will benefited in future. Hence, parents, teachers and policymakers have to plan accordingly to make their child healthy and fit. This article reviews the available literature regarding the physiological basis of growth and development of children and adolescents in relation to physical activity along with various anthropometric assessment methods.

Influence of physical activity on linear growth in children and adolescents

“…Nilsson et al (2014) showed that the practice of physical exercises in adolescence increases the cortical bone through periosteal expansion, providing a more durable bone throughout life. Especially weight-bearing exercises were found consistently connected with increased peak bone mass (Chahar, 2014). Similarly, it has been shown that muscle mass, which begins to increase with pubertal development, benefits from PA.…”

“…Similarly, it has been shown that muscle mass, which begins to increase with pubertal development, benefits from PA. Performing PA in adolescence contributes to a higher percentage of muscle tissue in adult life (Chahar, 2014;Iuliano-Burns, Mirwald, & Bailey, 2001;Alves & Alves, 2019).…”

Untitled

“…Early childhood is the time when motor activity is vitally important for socializing. At the beginning of life, the child is sensitive to cognitive and moral development, assumes different roles, learns to distinguish from others, and especially learns to build relations with others (Chahar, 2014). Giving the proper importance to play and games in childhood represents the premise of healthy development on a motor, social and cognitive level.…”

Psychobiosocial states in competitive badminton: Similarities and differences between juniors, adolescents and adults

“…Between the ages of 12 to adulthood, male players can grow as much as 90 cm and gain 7-30 kg. Body mass and body fat level dramatically changed from pre-teen to adulthood years (Chahar, 2014;Stang & Story, 2005).…”