Physiological Basis of Smut Infectivity in the Early Stages of Sugar Cane Colonization

Vicente, Carlos; Legaz, Marı́a Estrella; Sánchez-Elordi, Elena

doi:10.3390/jof7010044

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In agricultural practice, sugarcane is planted using the mature stalks as seeds ( Jain et al, 2010 ). Sprouts emerged from the buds of a stalk cutting are surrounded by bud scales, which are assumed to protect the shoot apical meristem from pathogen infection, the structural basis of external resistance to sugarcane smut ( Waller, 1970 ; Marques et al, 2018 ; Vicente et al, 2021 ). Chemical metabolites, such as polyphenols, secreted by the bud scales may also contribute to the external resistance ( Waller, 1969 ; Dean, 1982 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient inoculation method to evaluate virulence differentiation of field strains of sugarcane smut fungus

Guo,

Meng,

Huang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum, is a prominent threat to the sugarcane industry. The development of smut resistant varieties is the ultimate solution for controlling this disease, due to the lack of other efficient control methods. Artificial inoculation method is used to evaluate the virulence differentiation of pathogens. The mostly used artificial inoculation methods are soaking of the seed canes in the teliospore solution and injection of teliospores or haploid sporidia into the sugarcane sprouts. However, due to the infection nature of the pathogen that invades the sugarcane plant through meristem tissue of the sprout or shoot, the rate of successful infection is often low and fluctuated, resulting in low confidence of the assays. We recently reported a rapid and high-throughput inoculation method called plantlet soaking by using tissue culture-derived sugarcane plantlets as the test plants. Here, we compare different inoculation methods and report the characterization of parameters that may affect the sensitivity and efficiency of the plantlet soaking technique. The results showed that sugarcane plantlets were highly vulnerable to infection, even with the inoculum density at 6.0 × 105 basidial spores/ml, and this method could be applied to all varieties tested. Notably, varieties showing high smut resistance in the field exhibited high susceptibility when inoculated with the plantlet soaking method, suggesting that the plantlet soaking method is a good complement to the traditional methods for screening germplasms with internal resistance. In addition, this method could also be used to monitor the variation of cellular virulence of the smut pathogen strains in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient inoculation method to evaluate virulence differentiation of field strains of sugarcane smut fungus

Guo,

Meng,

Huang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…C. Vicente and coworkers summarize the pre-infection events needed for successful colonization of S. scitamineum on sugarcane. For this fungus, a mechanism of spore aggregation, putatively involving quorum sensing as well as cytoskeletal components, is suggested to be an important prerequisite for plant infection [ 11 ]. M.D.…”

Section: Biotrophy—smuts Entering and Living In The Plant Realmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smuts to the Power of Three: Biotechnology, Biotrophy, and Basic Biology

Schirawski

Perlin

Saville

2021

JoF

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“…When the basidial spores germinate, two compatible haploid sporidia with opposite mating types combine to form dikaryotic hyphae, which can infect the meristem tissue of the sugarcane sprout. After a period of latent infection, the dikaryotic hyphae differentiate, form teliospores within the plants, and are eventually released into the environment by a specialized structure composed of teliospores and plant tissues, which are termed whip [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Gene Modules and Hub Genes Associated with Sporisorium scitamineum Infection Using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

Liu

et al. 2022

JoF

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Sporisorium scitamineum is a biotrophic fungus responsible for sugarcane smut disease. To investigate the key genes involved in S. scitamineum infection, we conducted RNA sequencing of sugarcane sprouts inoculated with S. scitamineum teliospores. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that two co-expressed gene modules, MEdarkturquoise and MEpurple—containing 66 and 208 genes, respectively—were associated with S. scitamineum infection. The genes in these two modules were further studied using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, pathogen-host interaction (PHI) database BLASTp, and small secreted cysteine-rich proteins (SCRPs) prediction. The top ten hub genes in each module were identified using the Cytohubba plugin. The GO enrichment analysis found that endoplasmic reticulum-related and catabolism-related genes were expressed during S. scitamineum infection. A total of 83 genes had homologs in the PHI database, 62 of which correlated with pathogen virulence. A total of 21 proteins had the characteristics of small secreted cysteine-rich proteins (SCRPs), a common source of fungal effectors. The top ten hub genes in each module were identified, and seven were annotated as Mig1-Mig1 protein, glycosyl hydrolase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, secreted chorismate mutase, collagen, mRNA export factor, and pleckstrin homology domain protein, while the remaining three were unknown. Two SCRPs—SPSC_06609 and SPSC_04676—and three proteins—SPSC_01958, SPSC_02155, and SPSC_00940—identified in the PHI database were also among the top ten hub genes in the MEdarkturquoise and MEpurple modules, suggesting that they may play important roles in S. scitamineum infection. A S. scitamineum infection model was postulated based on current findings. These findings help to deepen the current understanding of early events in S. scitamineum infection.

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Physiological Basis of Smut Infectivity in the Early Stages of Sugar Cane Colonization

Cited by 5 publications

References 85 publications

An efficient inoculation method to evaluate virulence differentiation of field strains of sugarcane smut fungus

An efficient inoculation method to evaluate virulence differentiation of field strains of sugarcane smut fungus

Smuts to the Power of Three: Biotechnology, Biotrophy, and Basic Biology

Identification of Gene Modules and Hub Genes Associated with Sporisorium scitamineum Infection Using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

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