Physiological Challenges to Fishes in a Warmer and Acidified Future

Nilsson, Göran; Lefevre, Sjannie

doi:10.1152/physiol.00055.2015

Cited by 31 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This has also been referred to as a 'switch' in GABA A R action in other studies (see Tyzio et al, 2006). Nilsson et al (2012) sparked a flurry of studies in which gabazine was applied to a variety of animals that were exposed to elevated CO 2 and subjected to diverse tests ( gabazine reversed the effects of elevated CO 2 (reviewed in Heuer and Grosell, 2014;Nilsson and Lefevre, 2016). One of those studies using gabazine was our own ; working on the California splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa), we found increased anxiety-like behaviour in fish exposed to ∼1100 µatm CO 2 ( pH 7.75) for 7 days and subjected to the light/dark preference test .…”

Section: Discovery Of Oa-induced Behavioural Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GABA A R model does seem to fit with principles of basic neuroscience, but it must be validated with more than the use of gabazine and behavioural studies. Nilsson and Lefevre, 2016;Regan et al, 2016). However, only a few studies have measured these parameters in the blood plasma of fish exposed to OA-relevant conditions (i.e.…”

Section: Pharmacological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid–base physiology, neurobiology and behaviour in relation to CO2-induced ocean acidification

Tresguerres

Hamilton

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

103

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Experimental exposure to ocean and freshwater acidification affects the behaviour of multiple aquatic organisms in laboratory tests. One proposed cause involves an imbalance in plasma chloride and bicarbonate ion concentrations as a result of acid-base regulation, causing the reversal of ionic fluxes through GABA A receptors, which leads to altered neuronal function. This model is exclusively based on differential effects of the GABA A receptor antagonist gabazine on control animals and those exposed to elevated CO 2 . However, direct measurements of actual chloride and bicarbonate concentrations in neurons and their extracellular fluids and of GABA A receptor properties in aquatic organisms are largely lacking. Similarly, very little is known about potential compensatory mechanisms, and about alternative mechanisms that might lead to ocean acidificationinduced behavioural changes. This article reviews the current knowledge on acid-base physiology, neurobiology, pharmacology and behaviour in relation to marine CO 2 -induced acidification, and identifies important topics for future research that will help us to understand the potential effects of predicted levels of aquatic acidification on organisms.

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Section: Discovery Of Oa-induced Behavioural Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pharmacological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid–base physiology, neurobiology and behaviour in relation to CO2-induced ocean acidification

Tresguerres

Hamilton

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

103

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“…The studies evaluated here provide consistent evidence that orientation depending on olfaction, hearing, vision, and lateralization will be disrupted. The effect of acidification on magnetic and celestial senses has not been examined, but given the nature of the source of this sensory dysfunction (Nilsson et al, 2012;Nilsson and Lefevre, 2016), it seems likely that they, too, will be disrupted. In contrast, it does not seem that swimming itself is influenced very much, if at all, by acidification.…”

Section: Implications: Will the "Bio" In "Biophysical Larval Dispersamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in sensory disruption in fish larvae are not entirely understood, so prediction is difficult, but there are reasons to expect within-generation acclimation will not be possible (Nilsson and Lefevre, 2016), and research so far supports this expectation (Munday et al, 2013b.…”

Section: Implications: Will the "Bio" In "Biophysical Larval Dispersamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In short, even if adaptation to elevated CO 2 levels is possible there is "considerable risk that the present rate of CO 2 increase is too high to allow adaptation through natural selection" (Regan et al, 2016). Further, the physiologist who discovered the mechanism behind elevated CO 2 sensory dysfunction in fish larvae has written: "since atmospheric CO 2 levels have probably remained below 500 µatm for the last 30 million years, there is a great risk that genes needed for coping with a sustained elevation of CO 2 are no longer functional" (Nilsson and Lefevre, 2016).…”

Section: Implications: Will the "Bio" In "Biophysical Larval Dispersamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paradigm Lost: Ocean Acidification Will Overturn the Concept of Larval-Fish Biophysical Dispersal

J.M

2018

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Most marine ecologists have in the past 25 years changed from supporting a passive-dispersal paradigm for larval marine fishes to supporting a biophysical-dispersal paradigm wherein the behaviour of larvae plays a central role. Research shows larvae of demersal perciform fishes have considerable swimming and orientation abilities over a major portion of their pelagic larval duration. These abilities depend on sensory function, and some recent research has indicated anthropogenic acidification of the oceans will by the end of the century result in sensory dysfunction. This could strongly alter the ability of fish larvae to orientate in the pelagic environment, to locate suitable settlement habitat, to bet-hedge, and to colonize new locations. This paper evaluates the available publications on the effects of acidification on senses and behaviours relevant to dispersal of fish early life-history stages. A large majority of studies tested CO 2 values predicted for the middle to end of the century. Larvae of fourteen families-all but two perciform-were studied. However, half of studies used Damselfishes (Pomacentridae), and except for swimming, most studies used settlement-stage larvae or later stages. In spite of these taxonomic and ontogenetic restrictions, all but two studies on sensory function (chemosensation, hearing, vision, detection of estuarine cues) found deleterious effects from acidification. The four studies on lateralization and settlement timing all found deleterious effects from acidification. No clear effect of acidification on swimming ability was found. If fish larvae cannot orientate due to sensory dysfunction, their dispersal will, in effect, conform to the passive dispersal paradigm. Modelling incorporating larval behaviour derived from empirical studies indicates that relative to active larvae, passive larvae will have less self-recruitment, higher median and mean dispersal distances, and lower settlement rates: further, bet hedging and colonization of new locations will decrease. The biophysical dispersal paradigm will be lost in theory and in fact, which is predicted to result in lower recruitment and less bet hedging for demersal, perciform fishes. More research is required to determine if the larvae of other Orders will be effected in the same way, or if warm-and cold-water fish faunas will be similarly effected.

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Physiological implications of ocean acidification for marine fish: emerging patterns and new insights

Esbaugh¹

2017

J Comp Physiol B

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Ocean acidification (OA) is an impending environmental stress facing all marine life, and as such has been a topic of intense research interest in recent years. Numerous detrimental effects have been documented in marine fish, ranging from reduced mortality to neurosensory impairment, and the prevailing opinions state that these effects are largely the downstream consequences of altered blood carbon dioxide chemistry caused by respiratory acid-base disturbances. While the respiratory acid-base disturbances are consistent responses to OA across tested fish species, it is becoming increasingly clear that there is wide variability in the degree of downstream impairments between species. This can also be extended to intraspecies variability, whereby some individuals have tolerant physiological traits, while others succumb to the effects of OA. This review will synthesize relevant literature on marine fish to highlight consistent trends of impairment, as well as observed interspecies variability in the responses to OA, and the potential routes of physiological acclimation. In all cases, whole animal responses are linked to demonstrated or proposed physiological impairments. Major topics of focus include: (1) respiratory acid-base disturbances; (2) early life survival and growth; (3) the implications for metabolic performance, activity, and reproduction; and (4) emerging physiological theories pertaining to neurosensory impairment and the role of GABA receptors. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of understanding the underlying physiological traits that confer inter- and intraspecies tolerance, as the abundance of these traits will decide the long-term outlook of marine fish.

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Physiological Challenges to Fishes in a Warmer and Acidified Future

Cited by 31 publications

References 61 publications

Acid–base physiology, neurobiology and behaviour in relation to CO2-induced ocean acidification

Acid–base physiology, neurobiology and behaviour in relation to CO2-induced ocean acidification

Paradigm Lost: Ocean Acidification Will Overturn the Concept of Larval-Fish Biophysical Dispersal

Physiological implications of ocean acidification for marine fish: emerging patterns and new insights

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