Physiological Changes Accompanying Long‐Term Selection for Grain Protein in Maize

Below, Frederick E.; Seebauer, Juliann R.; Uribelarrea, M.; Schneerman, M. C.; Moose, Stephen P.

doi:10.1002/9780470650240.ch7

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The hybrids differed with regard to yield components in a manner consistent with numerous reports on the Illinois High Protein strains (Rizzi et al 1996;Below et al 2004;Uribelarrea et al 2004;Uribelarrea et al 2007;Wyss et al 1991). Nitrogen supply increased grain yield of both hybrids, with the commercial hybrid having a considerably higher yield due to increased kernel size and, to a lesser extent, greater kernel number (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…To achieve high yield plants must establish optimal photosynthetic capacity and then maintain a high rate of photosynthesis during the grain filling period. N supply plays a major role in both processes by maximizing LAI and the biochemical components of the photosynthetic apparatus (Below et al 2000;Below 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable genetic variability exists among maize hybrids for traits associated with the kernel's ability to utilize assimilates, and many studies have used diverse genetic materials to assess C and N interactions impacting growth and development of the grain (Rizzi et al 1996;Below et al 2004;Uribelarrea et al 2004Uribelarrea et al , 2007Wyss et al 1991). Materials derived from the Illinois Protein Strains have been particularly useful in this context, and Illinois High Protein (IHP) (and its resulting hybrids) is particularly responsive to N supply in terms of plant N accumulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological N response of field-grown maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) with divergent yield potential and grain protein concentration

2008

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Fertilizer N availability impacts photosynthesis and crop performance, although cause-effect relationships are not well established, especially for field-grown plants. Our objective was to determine the relationship between N supply and photosynthetic capacity estimated by leaf area index (LAI) and single leaf photosynthesis using genetically diverse fieldgrown maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. We compared a high yield potential commercial hybrid (FR1064 x LH185) and an experimental hybrid (FR1064 x IHP) with low yield potential but exceptionally high grain protein concentration. Plant biomass and physiological traits were measured at tassel emergence (VT) and at the grain milk stage (R3) to assess the effects of N supply on photosynthetic source capacity and N uptake, and grain yield and grain N were measured at maturity. Grain yield of FR1064 x LH185 was much greater than FR1064 x IHP even though plant biomass and LAI were larger for FR1064 x IHP, and single leaf photosynthesis was similar for both hybrids. Although photosynthetic capacity was not related to hybrid differences in productivity, increasing N supply led to proportional increases in grain yield, plant biomass, LAI, photosynthesis, and Rubisco and PEP carboxylase activities for both hybrids. Thus, a positive relationship between photosynthetic capacity and yield was revealed by hybrid response to N supply, and the relationship was similar for hybrids with a marked difference in yield potential. For both hybrids the N response of single leaf CER and initial Rubisco activity was negative when expressed per unit of leaf N. In contrast, PEP carboxylase activity per unit leaf N increased in response to N availability, indicating that PEP carboxylase served as a reservoir for excess N accumulation in field-grown maize leaves. The correlation between CER and initial Rubisco activity was highly significant when expressed on a leaf area or a total leaf basis. The results suggest that regardless of genotypic yield potential, maize CER, and potentially grain yield, could be improved by increasing the partitioning of N into Rubisco.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological N response of field-grown maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) with divergent yield potential and grain protein concentration

2008

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“…In the Illinois long-term selection experiment, selection for increased protein content resulted in preferential accumulation of zeins (Below et al, 2004). It would therefore be reasonable to expect methionine concentration to be related to total protein concentration, making it difficult to increase grain quality defined as methionine per protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Methionine Concentration in Maize Grain

et al. 2016

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Methionine is a limiting amino acid in poultry diets, so methionine supplementation is typically required to meet nutritional demands. Maize (Zea mays L.) varieties with increased methionine levels have been developed using three different approaches: (i) increased levels of the methionine‐rich 10‐kDa zein, (ii) disruption of protein deposition using the floury‐2 allele, and (iii) recurrent selection. The goal of this study was to characterize the interactions of these three mechanisms for increasing methionine to develop optimal breeding strategies for this limiting amino acid. A complete diallel mating design was used to produce all possible hybrid combinations, which were analyzed by Griffing's experimental Method 3, Model 1. Grain samples were analyzed for methionine concentration using a microbial method. The significantly negative general combining ability (GCA) for inbred RS2 suggests it did not perform well in hybrid combination, while the significant specific combining abilities (SCAs) suggest that some specific combinations of mechanisms worked well together in this germplasm. Analysis of grain quality traits by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) revealed that the high‐methionine hybrid combinations had starch and oil concentrations similar to all other hybrids but had elevated protein concentrations. In some hybrids in this study, dzr1 and recurrent selection were effective mechanisms to elevate methionine in hybrid combination and did not have an associated yield penalty relative to other hybrids produced in the study, which supports their use in a high‐methionine maize breeding program.

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“…Zein proteins surround starch granules in maize grain and their hydrophobic nature acts as a barrier to starch digestion by rumen microbes (Giuberti et al, 2014). Below et al (2004) reported that total zein content of maize grain depends primarily on genotypic factors; with environmental factors such as N supply or plant maturity at harvest both causing smaller or larger phenotypic variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hybrid, inoculant and storage time on whole plant nitrogen compounds and grain total zein content in maize silage

2016

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Physiological Changes Accompanying Long‐Term Selection for Grain Protein in Maize

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Physiological N response of field-grown maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) with divergent yield potential and grain protein concentration

Physiological N response of field-grown maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) with divergent yield potential and grain protein concentration

Interaction of Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Methionine Concentration in Maize Grain

Effect of hybrid, inoculant and storage time on whole plant nitrogen compounds and grain total zein content in maize silage

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