Physiological Changes and Cardiovascular Investigations in Pregnancy

Morton, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2020.10.001

Cited by 55 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes a great variety of changes that significantly affect different organs and systems, mainly the cardiovascular system [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. These adaptations are fundamental for the development of the foetus and the success of the pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord

et al. 2021

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Chronic venous disease (CVD) encompasses a set of disorders of the venous system that have a high prevalence in Western societies and are associated with significant sociohealth costs. Pregnancy is a period in which different hormonal and haemodynamic changes occur that lead to significant changes in the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of developing venous problems, especially during the third trimester of gestation. In turn, CVD involves a series of local and systemic alterations that can have negative repercussions in pregnancy. In this context, the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this condition has been shown to significantly affect other vascular structures during pregnancy, such as the placenta. However, the effects of oxidative stress on the umbilical cord in women with CVD have not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyse the gene and protein expression of the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS, which are involved in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, respectively. Similarly, the presence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the umbilical cord in women with CVD was compared to that of pregnant control women, and the levels of the lipid peroxidation marker malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in cord tissue and blood was also analysed. Our results support a significant increase in the enzymes NOX-1, NOX-2 and iNOS and HIF-1α and MDA in the umbilical cord tissue and blood of women with CVD. For the first time, our work demonstrates an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage in the umbilical cords of pregnant women who develop this condition, deepening the understanding of the consequences of CVD during pregnancy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord

et al. 2021

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“…Although relation between the number of parity and estimated PAP was found statistically significant, there was not any value exceeding 35 mmHg. In fact, transthoracic echocardiography is unreliable method for PAP and overestimates it (25)(26). On the other hand, our study may point a linear increase in PAP with increasing number of parity other than causing clinically important outcomes.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interest Disclosuresmentioning

confidence: 58%

Effect of the number of parity on right heart chamber quantification

Keskin¹,

Börklü²,

Dogan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction Pregnancy is a process that causes several physiological changes including all systems as well as cardiovascular system. Ventricular hypertrophy and dilation of cardiac chambers are seen as a result of these changes. Although there are studies about pregnancy-related changes in echocardiographic examination; there is no data about the long-term effects of parity on these alterations. Therefore, we have evaluated the long-term effect of pregnancy on right ventricular (RV) dilation and RV hypertrophy and their relation to the parity number. Methods This prospective study included a total of 600 women (200 consecutive women who had no parity, 200 women who had a parity number of 1 to 4 and 200 women who had a parity number of more than 4). Right chambers’ measurements were compared between the groups. Results In echocardiographic analysis, RV and right atrial dimensions and areas and RV wall thickness were higher in parous women. On the other hand, RV systolic function parameters were significantly lower in parous women. These significant changes showed a gradual increase or decrease by increasing parity number. There were also independent relationship between the number of parity and RV hypertrophy even after adjustment for several confounders. Conclusion Pregnancy-related physiological changes mostly resolve after delivery. This study about long-term effects of pregnancy on RV has demonstrated that there is a significant relation between the number of parity and either RV dilation or RV hypertrophy. Each parity had also additive effect on these changes.

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“…59 Chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension and PET are all associated with elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide, which may not resolve until 3-6 months postpartum. 60 Coronary angiography may be performed safely during pregnancy.…”

Section: Cardiacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological changes in pregnancy and their influence on the endocrine investigation

Morton

Teasdale

2021

Clinical Endocrinology

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BackgroundPhysiological changes in pregnancy may result in significant alterations in endocrine hormone profiles, serum and urine electrolytes and endocrine gland morphology on imaging. Pregnancy‐specific pathophysiological processes may also affect the results for endocrine tests. Investigation of endocrine disorders in pregnancy requires knowledge of these changes and awareness of the safety of dynamic hormone testing and imaging for the mother and foetus.ObjectiveThis review seeks to outline the important physiological changes in pregnancy affecting reference intervals of basal and dynamic endocrine tests in pregnancy and the scenarios in which these changes are clinically significant, the pregnancy‐specific disorders that may affect the investigation of endocrine disorders, and the safety of dynamic testing and imaging.ConclusionAwareness of the effect of physiological changes, and the potential impact of pregnancy‐specific disorders of endocrine tests, and the safety of imaging is crucial to the management of endocrine disorders in pregnancy.

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Physiological Changes and Cardiovascular Investigations in Pregnancy

Cited by 55 publications

References 81 publications

Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord

Newborns of Mothers with Venous Disease during Pregnancy Show Increased Levels of Lipid Peroxidation and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Umbilical Cord

Effect of the number of parity on right heart chamber quantification

Physiological changes in pregnancy and their influence on the endocrine investigation

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