Physiological Changes in Chicken Embryos Inoculated with Drugs and Viruses Highlight the Need for More Standardization of this Animal Model

Abstract

Several studies have been developed using the Gallus gallus embryo as an experimental model to study the toxicity of drugs and infections. Studies that seek to standardize the evaluated parameters are needed to better understand and identify the viability of CEs as an experimental model. Therefore, we sought to verify whether macroscopic, histopathological, blood count, metabolites and/or enzymes changes and oxidative stress in CE of different ages are specific to the model. To achieve this goal, in ovo assays were performed by injecting a virus (Gammacoronavirus) and two drugs (filgrastim and dexamethasone) that cause known changes in adult animals. Although congestion and inflammatory infiltrate were visible in the case of viral infections, the white blood cell count and inflammation biomarkers did not change. Filgrastim (FG) testing did not increase granulocytes as we expected. On the other hand, CE weight and red blood cell count were lower with dexamethasone (DX), whereas white blood cell count and biomarkers varied depended on the stage of CE development. Our work reinforces the importance of standardization and correct use of the model so that the results of infection, toxicity and pharmacokinetics are reproducible.

Selection of Bacillus subtilis for animal and chicken embryo supplementation

“…Chicken embryos infected with infectious bronchitis virus do not have increased C-reactive protein levels [33] Our study did not nd an increase in C-reactive protein even in the positive control. The dynamics of the release of this marker from in ammation may be different in C.Es., and other acute phase proteins should be indicated for study in chickens [34] In in ammatory processes, there is an increase in total plasma proteins because globulins rise and occasionally decrease albumin, causing a decrease in the albumin/globulin ratio.…”

Genotoxic Effect and Oxidative Damage in the Chicken Embryo Caused by Bisphenol A

“…In ovo study documented that BPA has adverse effects on biological systems and injecting the egg with low dose of BPA leads to formation of ovo-testis (Kandil and Emrah, 2018). Several studies proposed chicken embryos as an experimental model to evaluate the risk and toxicity of environmental chemical compounds, drugs and infections related diseases (Sommerfeld et al, 2022). In the present study, chicken embryos were exposed to BPA at early embryonic developemnt.…”

Unlocking the power of Libidibia ferrea extracts: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and protective properties for potential use in poultry production

“…The toxicity test was performed according to the methodology of Sommerfeld et al, 2022 . Briefly, 39 embryonated eggs of the Ross genotype were inoculated after 10 d of embryonic incubation.…”