Physiological characteristics and irrigation water productivity of quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.) in response to deficit irrigation imposed at different growing stages—A field study from Southern Iran

Razzaghi, Fatemeh; Bahadori-Ghasroldashti, Mohammad Reza; Henriksen, Signe; Sepaskhah, Ali Reza; Jacobsen, Sven‐Erik

doi:10.1111/jac.12392

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Quinoa seed yields under moderate management were quite low, around 500-700 kg ha −1 [4,5]. However, quinoa yield could be much higher under the proper management of irrigation (310-1300 mm) [6,7], nitrogen fertilization (120-180 kg ha −1 ) [8,9], and plant density (10-300 plants m −2 ) [5,10,11]. Therefore, higher quinoa yields may be attained by simultaneously optimizing irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, and plant density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Wang

Shock

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) yield potential needs to be further achieved by good management practices to meet the increasing global demand. Two years of orthogonal field experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of irrigation onset criteria using soil matric potential (SMP) (−15, −25, and −55 kPa), nitrogen fertilizer rate (80, 160, and 240 kg ha−1), and plant density (20, 30, and 40 plants m−2) on quinoa growth, seed yield, weight, and protein content. Initiating irrigations at an SMP of −15 to −25 kPa achieved significantly (p < 0.05) greater seed yield (37.2 g plant−1), thousand kernel weight (2.25 g), and protein content (21.2%) than −55 kPa (25.2 g plant−1, 2.08 g, and 19.8%, respectively). The 240 kg ha−1 nitrogen rate had significantly (p < 0.05) greater thousand kernel weight (2.26 g) and protein content (21.3%) than 80 (2.07 g and 19.5%, respectively) and 160 kg ha−1 (2.14 g and 20.7%, respectively). The yield under 20 plants m−2 reached 39.5 g plant−1, which was 13.5 g plant−1 higher than 40 plants m−2 (p < 0.05). The quinoa consumed most of the available nitrogen in the soil (410–860 kg ha−1), indicating that quinoa should be part of a sound crop rotation program.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Wang

Shock

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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“…Deficit irrigation has been introduced as a proper irrigation regime to increase water use efficiency in quinoa production [ 14 , 25 ], which has been an acceptable strategy, especially in arid and semi-arid areas that suffer from water scarcity [ 9 , 26 ]. Therefore, it could be a valuable option to reach the optimum quinoa seed yield in areas with water scarcity [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Rates as the Contributing Factors in Quinoa Yield to Increase Water and Nitrogen Efficiencies

Bahrami

Talebnejad

Sepaskhah

et al. 2022

Plants

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Sustainable field crop management has been considered to reach the food security issue due to global warming and water scarcity. The effect of deficit irrigation and nitrogen rates on quinoa yield is a challenging issue in those areas. In this regard, the interaction effects of different N rates (0, 125, 250, and 375 kg N ha−1) and irrigation regimes [full irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation at 0.75 FI and 0.5 FI] on quinoa yield and water and nitrogen efficiencies were evaluated with a two-year field experiment. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application levels from 250 to 375 kg N ha−1 under FI and deficit irrigation did not cause a significant difference in seed yield and the total dry matter of quinoa. Furthermore, 20% and 34% reductions were observed for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen yield efficiency with the application of 375 kg N ha−1 compared with that obtained in 250 kg N ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer, respectively. Therefore, a Nitrogen application rate of 250 kg ha−1 and applying 0.75 FI is suggested as the optimum rate to reach the highest seed water use efficiency (0.7 kg m−3) and NUE (0.28 kg m−3) to gain 4.12 Mg ha−1 quinoa seed yield. Under non–limited water resource conditions, an FI and N application rate of 375 kg ha−1 could be used for higher seed yield; however, under water-deficit regimes, an N application rate of 250 kg ha−1 could be adequate. However, questions about which environmental factors impressively restricted the quinoa growth for optimizing the potential yield need further investigation.

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“…Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal rich in natural antioxidants, flavonoids, and anthocyanins [ 6 , 7 ], and these compounds may protect plants against biotic and abiotic stress [ 8 ]. Water stress increases leaf temperature, and reduces crop height, stomatal conductance, plant biomass, and yield [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes

Silva

Ribeiro

Ramos

et al. 2021

Plants

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Quinoa stands out as an excellent crop in the Cerrado region for cultivation in the off-season or irrigated winter season. Here, we tested the effects of different water regimes on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and grain quality of different elite quinoa genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF, Brazil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of 18 quinoa genotypes and modified BRS Piabiru (the currently used genotype), and the split-plots were divided into 4 different water regimes. The following variables were evaluated: productivity and productivity per unit of applied water (PUAA), plant height, flavonoids, anthocyanins, gas exchange, chlorophyll, leaf proline, and relative water content. Our results showed that water regimes between 309 and 389 mm can be recommended for quinoa in the Cerrado region. CPAC6 and CPAC13 presented the highest yield and PUAA under high and intermediate WRs, and hence were the most suitable for winter growth under irrigation. CPAC17 is most suitable for off-season growth under rainfed conditions, as it presented the highest PUAA under the low WRs (247 and 150). CPAC9 stood out in terms of accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all WRs. Physiological analyses revealed different responses of the genotypes to water restriction, together with symptoms of stress under lower water regimes. Our study reinforces the importance of detailed analyses of the relationship between productivity, physiology, and water use when choosing genotypes for planting and harvest in different seasons.

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Physiological characteristics and irrigation water productivity of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in response to deficit irrigation imposed at different growing stages—A field study from Southern Iran

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Rates as the Contributing Factors in Quinoa Yield to Increase Water and Nitrogen Efficiencies

Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes

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