Physiological comparison between non-athletes, endurance, power and team athletes

Degens, Hans; Stasiulis, Arvydas; Skurvydas, Albertas; Statkevičienė, Birutė; Venckūnas, Tomas

doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04128-3

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We have previously demonstrated that a concentric geometry is peculiar of adolescent athlete of African ethnicity, who also develop greater LV hypertrophy, similar to adult athletes . African adolescents, even if undergoing resistance training, develop a concentric than eccentric hypertrophy rather like in power sports . These data explain the greater incidence of ERp in adolescent athletes of African ethnicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Second, the absence of female black athletes in this study is certainly a limitation for elucidating comparison with Caucasian ones. Third, our healthy population is selected for echocardiography analysis during the cardiovascular screening for sport eligibility and, therefore, there cannot be a control group . Non‐professional athletes played different disciplines that induce different LV remodeling .…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Left ventricular geometry correlates with early repolarization pattern in adolescent athletes

Miragoli

Goldoni

Demola

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Some forms of early ECG repolarization QRS pattern (ERp) with J‐point elevation of 0.1 mV in two contiguous inferior and/or lateral leads with or without ST‐elevation are potentially associated with a higher arrhythmic risk in adults. We assessed the prevalence of ERp among non‐professional adolescent athletes and correlated it with age, sex, ethnicity, and structural and electric cardiac parameters. We retrospectively analyzed 414 ECGs obtained from young athletes referred to our center from 2006 to 2017. We found ERp in 22% of cases. In the ERp group, we found a greater percentage of black athletes, a higher systolic blood pressure, and lower heart rate (HR) compared with the group without ERp. This pattern was less frequent in female athletes. In athletes with ERp, the occurrence of ventricular ectopic beats was less frequent and QRS‐duration was shorter. They also exhibited greater (a) ECG‐based left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), (b) left ventricular mass, and (c) relative wall thickness (RWT), suggesting a tendency to concentric geometry. At logistic regression analysis, we found that HR (OR 0.98 [0.96‐0.99] P = .013), QRS‐duration (OR 0.96 [0.94‐0.99], P = .003), LVH (OR 1.09 [1.05‐1.12], P < .001), and RWT (OR 1.08 [1.01‐1.16] P = .032) were significant predictors of ERp incidence. ERp is quite common in adolescent athletes and correlates with concentric LV remodeling. Specific clinical and ECG‐findings related to training such as lower HR, LVH, and QRS‐duration are also predictors of ERp. In adolescent non‐professional athletes, ERp is a benign finding associated with some structural and electric cardiac modifications induced by training.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left ventricular geometry correlates with early repolarization pattern in adolescent athletes

Miragoli

Goldoni

Demola

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…The stroke volume was 70-77 ml for male athletes who compete, which was significantly higher than the 50-60 ml stroke volume of an untrained male mentioned in the literature (Utomi et al, 2013). During the testing, the stroke volume of amateur athletes was lower than in professional athletes (160-180 ml), and higher than in untrained persons (100 ml) (Degens et al, 2019). The study showed that during the exercise, the stroke volume depended on duration of the training programme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Exercise, Chronotropic and Inotropic Capacity in Athletes with Different Training Programmes

Rozenštoka¹,

Ērglis

2020

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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Amateur sport has significant influence on peoples' physical activity and affects the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The population of competing amateur athletes has not been sufficiently studied, and there is a huge gap between functional results of untrained individuals and professional athletes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the exercise capacity and chronotropic, inotropic capacity in amateur athletes with different training programmes, as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In a longitudinal prospective study, 600 amateur athletes who performed high dynamic load sports, according to the Mitchell Classification of Sports, were assessed. The individuals underwent standard maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing on the ISO certified Master screen CPX system. The exercise capacity was dependent on the training programme organisation, regularity and duration, but it was not dependent on age. During maximum work-rate, the functional parameters of the cardiorespiratory system and inotropic capacity were significantly dependent on duration of the training programme. Chronotropic and inotropic capacity, as well as cardiorespiratory adaptation were significantly higher for competing amateur athletes of both genders than for untrained individuals. The study showed that amateur athletes with a training programme 300 minutes per week had higher exercise capacity, which was based on the individually suitable training programme, and higher aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Regular pre-competition medical assessment of amateur athletes can be used to objectively evaluate their health condition, adaptation, cardiac risk and make changes in the athletes' training programme.

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“…It is influenced by maximal cardiac output and the arterio-venous oxygen difference [16]. Power athletes have lower values than team and endurance athletes [16,17]. However, this difference could be attributed to a higher cardiac output as a consequence of a higher cardiac adaptation [18] as well as to a larger oxygen carrying capacity and/or oxygen extraction by endurance athletes [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Power athletes have lower values than team and endurance athletes [16,17]. However, this difference could be attributed to a higher cardiac output as a consequence of a higher cardiac adaptation [18] as well as to a larger oxygen carrying capacity and/or oxygen extraction by endurance athletes [17]. Still, evaluating the during a standard cardiopulmonary exercise test should allow a classification of climbing when performed by elite climbers, especially when compared to elite Nordic skiers, a sport classified as an endurance sport, when performing the same non-sport-specific test, namely a cycle test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary exercise tests of adolescent elite sport climbers—a comparison of the German junior national team in sport climbing and nordic skiing

Schöffl

Wüstenfeld

Jones

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: All the research investigating the cardiopulmonary capacity in climbers focused on predictors for climbing performance. The effects of climbing on the cardiovascular system in adolescents climbing at an elite level (national team) have not been evaluated.A retrospective analysis of the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performed on a cycle ergometer during the yearly medical examination of the entire German Junior National climbing team on one occasion and for a selected subgroup on two occasions spaced two years apart was undertaken. The data from the subgroup was compared to an age- and gender-matched control of nordic skiers from the German Junior National nordic skiing team.Results: 47 climbers (20 girls, 27 boys) were examined once. The peak oxygen consumption (B achieved by the athletes was 41.3 mL kg-1 min-1 (boys) and 39.8 mL kg-1 min-1 (girls). 8 boys and 6 girls were tested twice over a time-frame of 27.5 months. The parameters of the exercise test measured on both occasions were significantly lower than those of the 14 nordic skiers. There was no change with respect to any variables over the examined time-frame. Conclusions: The elite climbers investigated in this study showed comparable a-values to athletes from team and combat sports. The nordic skiers to which they were compared showed significantly higher values consistant with the fact that this is an endurance sport. Even though the cardiopulmonary measurements of the nordic skiers still improved after two years of training, no adaptations could be observed in the elite climbers.

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Physiological comparison between non-athletes, endurance, power and team athletes

Cited by 57 publications

References 42 publications

Left ventricular geometry correlates with early repolarization pattern in adolescent athletes

Left ventricular geometry correlates with early repolarization pattern in adolescent athletes

Exercise, Chronotropic and Inotropic Capacity in Athletes with Different Training Programmes

Cardiopulmonary exercise tests of adolescent elite sport climbers—a comparison of the German junior national team in sport climbing and nordic skiing

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