Physiological Ecology of the Deposit-Feeding Sea Star Ctenodiscus crispatus: Ciliated Surfaces and Animal-Sediment lnteractions

Shick, J. Malcolm; Edwards, K. C.; Dearborn, JH

doi:10.3354/meps005165

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Of particular significance is that the P/S ratio in the stomach of C. crispatus is still very low compared to the value of 2.4 found in settling particles at 220 m in Conception Bay, suggesting chain elongation in the stomach and/or a significant intake of bacterial 18:1ω7. Accumulation of bacterial fatty acids is consistent with C. crispatus being a nonselective detritivore consuming bulk sediment and its attached microflora (Shick et al 1981). …”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Effect of sinking spring phytoplankton blooms on lipid content and composition in suprabenthic and benthic invertebrates in a cold ocean coastal environment

Parrish¹,

Deibel²,

Thompson³

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Lipids were measured in 19 suprabenthic and benthic invertebrate taxa from 5 phyla to determine their responses to a sinking spring diatom bloom. In Conception Bay, as in many areas of coastal Newfoundland, Canada, benthic organisms experience sub-zero temperatures year round. Among specimens collected at depths between 210 and 220 m, the small mysid Erythrops erythrophtalma had, on average, the highest lipid concentration (6% of wet weight), while a holothurian (Order Apodida) had the lowest (0.3%). In E. erythrophtalma, 73% of the lipids were found in the neutral fraction, while in the sea cucumber 68% were polar lipids. The euphausiid Thysanoessa raschii had the highest proportion of essential ω3 fatty acids (41% total fatty acids) while the holothurian had the lowest (21%). Pseudocalanus spp. showed the highest mean value for the C 16 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio indicative of lipids from nutrient-replete diatoms. The amphipods Acanthostepheia malmgreni and Anonyx spp. responded immediately to each spring bloom with increased total and neutral lipid contents. The mysid Pseudomma truncatum also showed a transient increase in total lipid content, but this occurred much later in the summer. However, P. truncatum, together with the decapod Pandalus borealis, the mysid Mysis mixta, and the polar bivalve Yoldia hyperborea, did respond immediately based on increased proportions of ω3 fatty acids, while the asteroid Ctenodiscus crispatus showed increased ω3 fatty acid proportions in its gonads much later. The chaetognath Parasagitta elegans differed from most other species in that it maintained very similar total lipid and C 16 PUFA proportions throughout the sampling period, suggesting little direct response to the bloom. Thus, we found a variable response to the bloom with respect to phenology, even within orders, which depended upon feeding behaviour and gonadogenesis. KEY WORDS:Fatty acids · Bacillariophyceae · Polychaeta · Copepoda · Malacostraca · Protobranchia · Echinodermata · Chaetognatha Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 391: [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] 2009 survival and growth (Ackman & Kean-Howie 1994, Xu et al. 1994. They are precursors of highly bioactive metabolites and are required for normal membrane structure and function, especially at low temperatures (Hall et al. 2002). Thus, the Arctic marine realm, in which Newfoundland is located (Spalding et al. 2007), is an area of particular interest for work with marine fatty acids and lipid classes. Indeed, the study of food web lipids in the cold waters off the coast of Newfoundland is important and timely given current problems with the ground fishery (e.g. Parsons 2005, Martínez-Murillo & Haedrich 2007) and the increasing interest in aquaculture in this area (e.g. Tlusty et al. 2005, Parrish et al. 2007a.In the present study, we examined the responses of suprabenthic and benthic invertebrates at > 200 m depth near, on ...

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confidence: 56%

Effect of sinking spring phytoplankton blooms on lipid content and composition in suprabenthic and benthic invertebrates in a cold ocean coastal environment

Parrish¹,

Deibel²,

Thompson³

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In the SM area the most significant species regarding the discrimination from the SPI area (Ctenodiscus procurator, Ophiuroglypha lymani and Magellania venosa) have been previously reported as characteristic species of benthic communities in the Straits of Magellan (Dahm, 1999;Larraín et al, 1999;Gutt et al, 1999). The genus Ctenodiscus is considered to be a non-selective deposit feeder (Shick et al, 1981), whereas O. lymani is an omnivorous species and feeds mainly on crustaceans, the organic content of sediment and phytodetritus (Dahm, 1999). The brachiopod genus Magellania has been described as a dominant and characteristic filter feeder on deep soft substrates in the Subantarctic Prince Edward Islands (Branch et al, 1993) and on the continental shelf of the high Antarctic Lazarev Sea (Brey et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft-bottom macrobenthic faunal associations in the southern Chilean glacial fjord complex

Ríos¹,

Mutschke²,

Montiel³

et al. 2005

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Macrobenthic associations were investigated at 29 sampling stations with a semi-quantitative Agassiz trawl, ranging from the South Patagonian Icefield to the Straits of Magellan in the South Chilean fjord system. A total of 1,895 individuals belonging to 131 species were collected. 19 species belong to colonial organisms, mainly Bryozoa (17 species) and Octocorallia (2 species). The phylum Echinodermata was the most diverse in species number (47 species), with asteroids (25 species) and ophiuroids (13 species) being the best represented within this taxon. Polychaeta was the second dominant group in terms of species richness (46 species). Multidimensional scaling ordination (MDS) separated two station groups, one related to fjords and channels off the South Patagonian Icefield and the second one to stations surrounding the Straits of Magellan. 45 species account for 90% of the dissimilarity between these two groups. These differences can mainly be explained by the influence of local environmental conditions determined by processes closely related to the presence/absence of glaciers. Abiotic parameters such as water depth, type of sediment and chemical features of the superficial sediment were not correlated with the numbers of individuals caught by the Agassiz trawl in each group of sampling stations.

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“…Some species selectively feed on specific sizes or types of particles; others are non-selective, feeding instead on bulk sediment. Such studies necessarily involved comparison of gut contents with sediment from where the animals were collected (Khripounoff O Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany and Sibuet, 1980;Hickman, 1981;Shick et al, 1981). Although only limited inferences on selectivity are drawn from data of this type, almost insurmountable difficulties of live animal collection and experimentation at great depths make most other approaches infeasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposit feeding by some deep-sea megabenthos from the Venezuela Basin. selective or non-selective

Briggs¹

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Food sources and feed~ng selectiv~ty of numerically dominant asteroids and holothurians collected with trawls from the Venezuela Basin, Caribbean Sea, were investigated by means of gut analysis. Particle-size distributions of gut contents of 73oracaster cylindratus, Styracaster hom'dus, Psychropotes semperiana, and Pseudostichopus atlanticus and of sediments were compared from 3 different sedimentary provinces in the Venezuela Basin (3.410-5.062 m depth). Megabenthic echinoderms (megabenthos) from the 2 shallower provinces had gut contents with particle-size distributions almost identical to that of the top 5 mm of sediment and conspicuously coarser than sediment below 5 mm depth. Gut contents of echinoderms from the deepest province had a higher percent of coarse and medium sand-size foraminiferan tests than that of surrounding sediment. Microscopic examination of the coarse fractions revealed intact pelagic foraminiferan tests in the guts of megabenthos collected from 5,000 m depth whereas pelagic foraminiferan tests from surrounding surface sediments were fragmented and eroded. The possibility of recently settled fecal pellets from the pelagic realm as a food source is suggested. These data suggest that some bulk deposit feeders skim the surface of the sea bottom feeding on the uppermost layer of sediment; thus, they selectively ingest the more nutritive, uppermost layer of sediment in the deep sea without modifying feeding behavior perse.

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Physiological Ecology of the Deposit-Feeding Sea Star Ctenodiscus crispatus: Ciliated Surfaces and Animal-Sediment lnteractions

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of sinking spring phytoplankton blooms on lipid content and composition in suprabenthic and benthic invertebrates in a cold ocean coastal environment

Effect of sinking spring phytoplankton blooms on lipid content and composition in suprabenthic and benthic invertebrates in a cold ocean coastal environment

Soft-bottom macrobenthic faunal associations in the southern Chilean glacial fjord complex

Deposit feeding by some deep-sea megabenthos from the Venezuela Basin. selective or non-selective

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