2012
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5417
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Physiological effects of housing density on C57BL/6J mice over a 9-month period1

Abstract: The National Research Council has consistently recommended housing densities for animals used in science and agriculture. For mice, the recommended density is 77.4 cm2 (12 in2) for a 15–25 gm mouse. The Council noted that its recommendations were based on “best professional judgment” and encouraged alternatives that were data driven. As part of a continual effort of The Jackson Laboratory to ensure the health and well-being of production and research mice while promoting cost-effective, state-of-the-art resear… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(29 citation statements)
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“…Murine models have become essential tools for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in cancer research; however, recent work implicates housing conditions, such as lack of exercise, overeating and housing density as underappreciated sources of variability in pre-clinical research studies 58,59 . Here we have examined the role of housing temperature, which is another seldom considered variable that can potentially influence experimental outcomes 60,61 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Murine models have become essential tools for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in cancer research; however, recent work implicates housing conditions, such as lack of exercise, overeating and housing density as underappreciated sources of variability in pre-clinical research studies 58,59 . Here we have examined the role of housing temperature, which is another seldom considered variable that can potentially influence experimental outcomes 60,61 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many in the research community objected to this specific recommendation, largely on the grounds that requiring such specific rodent housing densities was unsupportable given that much of the available literature at the time seemed to contradict any rationale for the recommendation (5–9). Note that these objections have been fortified by data published after implementation of the Guide as well (10–12). …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In light of this mandate, it was somewhat surprising to the research community that OLAW has not supported the use of literature references alone as justification for deviations from the new housing recommendation for a breeding female. Indirectly, this requires the generation of new data within each institution, the acquisition of which is in apparent contradiction to the mandate against unnecessary duplication of research, especially given the available literature on the topic (5–12). Although performance criteria may vary to some degree between different institutions due to a variety of factors (e.g., environment, husbandry practices, altitude, humidity), the likely range of variation contraindicates engaging in individual studies at each institution on both practical and ethical grounds.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adaptive thermogenesis, also known as non-shivering thermogenesis, is a mechanism of metabolic heat production which involves stimulation of the Trends Several mouse models show significant differences in experimental outcomes at standard sub-thermoneutral (ST, 22-26 8C) versus thermoneutral housing temperatures (TT,(30)(31)(32), including models of cardiovascular disease, obesity, inflammation and atherosclerosis, graft versus host disease and cancer.…”
Section: Room Temperature: So Much More Than a Thermometer Readingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the future, it will also be important to determine experimental outcomes at intermediate temperatures. In addition to room temperature, mouse housing density is also known to affect stress levels [31,32] and, because temperatures in the cage are altered by the number of mice/cage [33], there is great opportunity for variation in the degree of chronic cold stress experienced during the course of the experiment. Therefore, investigators should be aware that removing mice during an experiment may affect metabolism, as well as many of the other temperature-sensitive biological/physiological responses that are discussed below.…”
Section: Glossarymentioning
confidence: 99%