Physiological evidence that <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i> produces siderophores and uses iron from different sources

Calquín, P.; Ruiz, Pamela; Oliver, Cristian; Sánchez, Patricio; Haro, Ronie E.; Oliva, Harold; Vargas‐Chacoff, Luis; Avendaño‐Herrera, Rubén; Yáñez, Alejandro J.

doi:10.1111/jfd.12745

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 stimulate the transcription of hepcidin, triggering and potentiating the hypoferric response of inflammation (Nemeth et al, 2004a). Several bacterial pathogens obtain the iron they need for their survival and replication from an external source (Ratledge and Dover, 2000;Pulgar et al, 2015;Bethke et al, 2016Bethke et al, , 2018Calquín et al, 2018). For this reason, eukaryotic organisms must effectively control iron homeostasis, through the regulation of the proteins involved in its metabolism (Skaar, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPS Modulates the Expression of Iron-Related Immune Genes in Two Antarctic Notothenoids

et al. 2020

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The non-specific immunity can induce iron deprivation as a defense mechanism against potential bacterial pathogens, but little information is available as to its role in Antarctic fish. In this study the response of iron metabolism related genes was evaluated in liver and head kidney of the Antarctic notothenoids Notothenia coriiceps and Notothenia rossii 7 days after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Average plasma Fe 2+ concentration was unaffected by treatment in any of the species. The gene expression response to LPS varied between tissues and species, being stronger in N. coriiceps and more prominent in the head kidney than liver. The reaction to LPS was marked by increased individual variability in most genes analyzed, even when the change in expression was not statistically significant, suggesting different individual sensitivity and coping responses in these wild fish. We found that iron related genes had an attenuated and homogenous response to LPS but there was no detectable relationship between plasma Fe 2+ and gene expression. However, overall in both tissues and species LPS exposure set a multilevel response that concur to promote intracellular accumulation of iron, an indication that Antarctic Notothenoids use innate nutritional immunity as a resistance mechanism against pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPS Modulates the Expression of Iron-Related Immune Genes in Two Antarctic Notothenoids

et al. 2020

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“…However, the three different concentrations of ferric citrate used did generate minor differences in the biofilm production for the strains evaluated. The planktonic LF-89 type strain can grow normally at concentrations between 0.15 to 1 mM, while concentrations below 0.01 mM only decrease its growth by 25% [ 42 ]. Taking into account that biofilm formation is considered a mechanism of resistance to stressors [ 10 ], the iron concentrations used were possibly not low enough to induce strong biofilm formation in the bacteria in response to suboptimal concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Produced In Vitro by Piscirickettsia salmonis Generates Differential Cytotoxicity Levels and Expression Patterns of Immune Genes in the Atlantic Salmon Cell Line SHK-1

et al. 2020

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Piscirickettsia salmonis is the causative agent of Piscirickettsiosis, an infectious disease with a high economic impact on the Chilean salmonid aquaculture industry. This bacterium produces biofilm as a potential resistance and persistence strategy against stressful environmental stimuli. However, the in vitro culture conditions that modulate biofilm formation as well as the effect of sessile bacteria on virulence and immune gene expression in host cells have not been described for P. salmonis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the biofilm formation by P. salmonis isolates under several NaCl and iron concentrations and to evaluate the virulence of planktonic and sessile bacteria, together with the immune gene expression induced by these bacterial conditions in an Atlantic salmon macrophage cell line. Our results showed that NaCl and Fe significantly increased biofilm production in the LF-89 type strain and EM-90-like isolates. Additionally, the planktonic EM-90 isolate and sessile LF-89 generated the highest virulence levels, associated with differential expression of il-1β, il-8, nf-κb, and iκb-α genes in SHK-1 cells. These results suggest that there is no single virulence pattern or gene expression profile induced by the planktonic or sessile condition of P. salmonis, which are dependent on each strain and bacterial condition used.

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“…Significant investigative advancements have been made as related to P. salmonis , including in vitro culturing (e.g. Fuentealba et al., 2020), virulence factors (Almarza et al., 2016; Calquín et al, 2018; Oliver et al., 2017), life strategies (Levipan et al., 2020), gene expression during cell infection (Machuca & Martínez, 2016; Zúñiga et al., 2020) and epidemiology (Meyer et al., 2021). However, clarity is almost completely lacking on the molecular signalling pathways underlying the lifestyle of the bacterium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piscirickettsia salmonis does not evidence quorum sensing based on acyl‐homoserine lactones

Levipan

Reyes-Garcia

Avendaño‐Herrera

2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Physiological evidence that Piscirickettsia salmonis produces siderophores and uses iron from different sources

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

LPS Modulates the Expression of Iron-Related Immune Genes in Two Antarctic Notothenoids

LPS Modulates the Expression of Iron-Related Immune Genes in Two Antarctic Notothenoids

Biofilm Produced In Vitro by Piscirickettsia salmonis Generates Differential Cytotoxicity Levels and Expression Patterns of Immune Genes in the Atlantic Salmon Cell Line SHK-1

Piscirickettsia salmonis does not evidence quorum sensing based on acyl‐homoserine lactones

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