Physiological Functions and Metabolism of Endogenous Ethanol and Acetaldehyde in the Reindeer

Kolosova, O.N.; Кершенгольц, Б. М.

doi:10.1134/s0022093018020023

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…(3) The catalytic constant of ADH in the ethanol oxidation reaction; (4) The catalytic constant of ADH in the acetaldehyde reduction reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such system includes ADH and AHD metabolizing EE and EA. (1)(2)(3)(4) It has been established that maintaining an optimal state of homeostasis when adapting to cold in the series "cold-adapted mammals (including humans) → small coldadapted animals → large aboriginal cold-adapted animals of the North → hibernating animals," regardless of species specificity and living conditions, is largely due to the ratio of concentrations of EE and EA in the blood, depending on the liver activity of ADH and AHD. (5) It has also been shown that the blood concentration of EE and EA of indigenous people in the conditions of the North is 30%-40% higher than the values of similar parameters in the conditions of the central zone of Russia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This happens due to specific adaptive changes in the activity of ADH and AHD, as well as to ADH-and AHDdependent increases in the EA level, which reduces the level of aerobic metabolism and energy losses of the body in cold conditions. (3)(4)(5) At the same time, those animals whose EE level remains low on the background of cold stresses (EG2b) begin to feel the need for EE replenishment due to exogenous intake. Realization of this need allows the body to survive during cold stresses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cold Stress and Endogenic System Ethanol – Acetaldehyde

Kolosova¹,

Kerschengolts²,

Khlebnyy³

2019

IJBM

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The article presents data on the effects of cold stress on changes in the concentrations of endogenous ethanol (EE) and acetaldehyde (EA), and the activities of the key enzymes involved in their metabolism-alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AHD) in laboratory animals. Mature male Wistar rats were used in the experiment. Animals in the vivarium were kept in cages at a temperature of 20°-22°C, without limitation of mobility, with free access to water with an adjustable light schedule (12 hours-light, 12 hours-darkness). Simulation of cold stressing was carried out for 7 weeks at a temperature of 1-2°C, starting from 0.5 hour to 6 hours per day by the fourth week of the experiment. The concentration of EE and EA was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis of the activity of the ADH and AHD enzymes was performed by standard spectrophotometric methods. The experiment showed that during cold stresses, the survival rate in rats strongly correlates with the EE content in the blood (r=0.757÷0.923). This fact suggests that when adapting cold-adapted animals to the effects of low temperatures, it is important to increase the EE concentration in the body, and the consumption of EE compensates for the increased need of the body in cold conditions for this metabolite. Based on the data obtained, a probable mechanism of the participation of EE in the processes of adaptation of higher vertebrates to cold is presented, which includes specific adaptive changes in the activities of the ADH and AHD enzymes.

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“…(3) The catalytic constant of ADH in the ethanol oxidation reaction; (4) The catalytic constant of ADH in the acetaldehyde reduction reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Stress and Endogenic System Ethanol – Acetaldehyde

Kolosova¹,

Kerschengolts²,

Khlebnyy³

2019

IJBM

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“…This suggests that PK is more active in LZY livers and catalyzes a stronger dephosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate. It has been reported that ALDH activity in reindeer livers significantly decreases in winter ( p < 0.05), and the acetaldehyde concentration increases, which in turn increases the cold tolerance of the organism by inhibiting mitochondrial terminal oxidation . In general, the temperature decreases by 6 °C for every 1000 m of altitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It has been reported that ALDH activity in reindeer livers significantly decreases in winter (p < 0.05), and the acetaldehyde concentration increases, which in turn increases the cold tolerance of the organism by inhibiting mitochondrial terminal oxidation. 19 In general, the temperature decreases by 6 °C for every 1000 m of altitude. Therefore, ALDH downregulation occurs in SNY livers at higher altitudes, which would likely increase their alpine adaptation.…”

Section: Kog Analysis Of Depsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Yorkshire Pig Liver Reveals Its Response to High Altitude

Chang

Xiao

Cheng

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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In this study, the protein profiles in the livers of Shannan Yorkshire pigs (SNY), Linzhi Yorkshire pigs (LZY), and Jiuzhaigou Yorkshire pigs (JZY) were comparatively analyzed using quantitative proteomics. A total of 6804 proteins were identified, of which 6471 were quantified and 774 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened. The higher level of energy metabolism in LZY livers was in response to the critical altitude environment compared to that in JZY, while the high-altitude environment suppressed energy output in SNY livers. Several key antioxidant enzymes were locally regulated in Yorkshire pig liver to balance antioxidant levels in a high-altitude, low-oxygen environment. In addition, ribosomal proteins were differentially expressed in Yorkshire pig livers in response to different altitudinal environments. These findings provide clues to the adaptation of the Yorkshire pig liver to the three altitudinal environments and the molecular links that exist between them.

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Responses of animals and plants to physiological doses of ethanol: a molecular messenger of hypoxia?

Diot,

Groth,

Blanchet

et al. 2024

The FEBS Journal

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Our viewpoint is that ethanol could act as a molecular messenger in animal and plant organisms under conditions of hypoxia or other stresses and could elicit physiological responses to such conditions. There is evidence that both animal and plant organisms have endogenous levels of ethanol, but reports on the changes induced by this alcohol at physiological levels are sparse. Studies have shown that ethanol has different effects on cell metabolism at low and high concentrations, resembling a hormetic response. Further studies have addressed the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms used by organisms to sense changes in physiological concentrations of ethanol. This article summarizes the possible mechanisms by which ethanol may be sensed, particularly at the cell membrane level. Our analysis shows that current knowledge on this subject is limited. More research is required on the effects of ethanol at very low doses, in plants and animals at both molecular and physiological levels. We believe that further research on this topic could lead to new discoveries in physiology and may even help us understand metabolic adjustments related to climate change. As temperatures rise more frequently, dissolved oxygen levels drop, leading to hypoxic conditions and consequently, an increase in cellular ethanol levels.

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Physiological Functions and Metabolism of Endogenous Ethanol and Acetaldehyde in the Reindeer

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Cold Stress and Endogenic System Ethanol – Acetaldehyde

Cold Stress and Endogenic System Ethanol – Acetaldehyde

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Yorkshire Pig Liver Reveals Its Response to High Altitude

Responses of animals and plants to physiological doses of ethanol: a molecular messenger of hypoxia?

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