Physiological Functions of iso-type Short-Chain Fatty Acid and Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Containing Oil in Obese OLETF Rats

Abstract

It has been known that tissues of porpoise contain unique structured-lipids as combination of isovaleric acid (iso-C5:0) and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs). It is well known that ω3 PUFAs have lipid-lowering effects in animal and human studies. Although branched chain fatty acids have been interested in their unique functions, there is no data concerning the effect of iso-C5:0 on lipid metabolism. In this study we investigated the effect of structured-lipids from porpoise adipose tissue (porpoise oil) on lipid metabolism in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. For 4 weeks, rats were fed semisynthetic diets containing either 10% corn oil or 5% corn oil plus 5% porpoise oil. After feeding period, the porpoise oil diet signifi cantly alleviated hepatic triglyceride accumulation compared with the control diet in OLETF rats. Although serum triglyceride level increased, serum level of adiponectin that can protect liver function and alleviate abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism increased in rats fed porpoise oil diet. In conclusion, results from the present study suggest that porpoise oil feeding prevents the development of fatty liver disease through the enhancement of lipoprotein secretion and increase of adiponectin production in obese rats.

Gut metabolites and bacterial community networks during a pilot intervention study with flaxseeds in healthy adult men

“…Fecal concentrations of both iso‐butyric and ‐valeric acid correlated negatively with blood levels of TG in our population, which is in line with two dietary intervention studies from the literature, one in rats using lipids from porpoise adipose tissue that contains substantial amounts of isovaleric acid and one in steers fed chromium . Both studies reported opposite associations between serum TG and isovaleric acid.…”

Branched short-chain fatty acids modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in primary adipocytes

“…The inhibitory effect on PKB phosphorylation observed in response to the branched and non-branched SCFAs and the phosphorylation and inactivation of ACC 33 might be molecular mechanisms for diminished de novo lipogenesis. Isovaleric acid-containing porpoise oil, given in the diet, has ameliorating effects on fatty liver in OLETF (Otsuka Long- Evans Tokushima Fatty) rat, a model for type 2 diabetes, by increasing serum levels of adiponectin and enhancing lipoprotein synthesis and secretion 56 . However, isobutyric and isovaleric acid have been scarcely investigated with regard to effects on de novo lipogenesis.…”

Synthesis and Biological Interest of Structured Docosahexaenoic Acid–Containing Triacylglycerols and Phospholipids

“…Recent studies of Shirouchi and al. [47] suggested that feeding porpoise oil containing SLs as a combination of n-3 PUFAs and isovaleric acid (iso-C5:0), prevents the development of fatty liver disease through the enhancement of lipoprotein secretion and increase the adiponectin production in obese rats.…”