Physiological Indicators of Nutrient Deficiency in Lake Phytoplankton

Healey, F. P.; Hendzel, L. L.

doi:10.1139/f80-058

Cited by 361 publications

(272 citation statements)

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“…However, under depleted orthophosphate concentrations, the dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) pool can be utilized (Berman, 1988;Bjorkman and Karl, 1994). Utilization of DOP by algal and bacterial cells occurs via DOP hydrolysis using alkaline phosphatase, a nonconstitutive cell-surface enzyme (Healey and Hendzel, 1980). The presence/absence of alkaline phosphatase is, therefore, an indicator of the nutritional status of the aquatic system with respect to orthophosphate concentrations.…”

Section: Alkaline Phosphatasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…APA is usually reported in units of ~tmol L-' min -'. Specific APA, or specific activity, is determined by normalizing APA to a biomass indicator, such as chlorophyll-a (Pettersson, 1980) or ATP (Healey and Hendzel, 1980). Specific APA has been used as an indicator of how a population behaves at the cellular level with respect to phosphate-deficiency (Kuenzler and Perras, 1965;Fitzgerald and Nelson, 1966;Perry, 1972).…”

Section: Reporting Alkaline Phosphatase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The validity of various physiological indicators of nutrient deficiency derived from the elemental composition and elemental ratios of particulate matter in aquatic systems was evaluated by Healey and Hendzel (1980). They concluded that not only can particulate nutrient ratios diagnose nutrient deficiency, they can also indicate the degree to which the population is deficient.…”

Section: Particulate Nutrient Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated deviations from the boundary conditions in particulate C:P and N:P ratios can be diagnostic of P-limitation, where as N-limitation is reflected in particulate C:P and N:P ratios less than 258:1 and 44:1, respectively (Hecky and Kilham, 1988). Although, the particulate nutrient ratios used by Healey and Hendzel (1980) are more descriptive concerning the nutrient limitation status of an aquatic system, they are not significantly different from the 106 C: 1 P and 16 N: 1 P ratio of the Redfield Ratio. It is therefore common practice for studies to focus primarily on dissolved nutrients and to determine the nutrient limitation status of the natural population based on the Redfield Ratio.…”

Section: Particulate Nutrient Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are differences between the boundary conditions established for freshwater algae by Healey and Hendzel (1980) and the Redfield Ratio. Therefore, in order to validate the use of the Redfield Ratio in lacustrine systems, the particulate C:N:P ratio of 50 different lakes was investigated (Hecky et al, 1993).…”

Section: Particulate Nutrient Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient limitation dynamics of a coastal Cape Cod pond : seasonal trends in alkaline phosphatase activity

Haupert¹

2000

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A bi-weekly seasonal study was conducted in Ashumet Pond (Cape Cod, Massachusetts). The Redfield Ratio (106C: 16N: 1P) and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were utilized in tandem as nutrient deficiency indicators (NDIs) for phytoplankton. The study objective was to evaluate the limiting nutrient status of the pond throughout the growing season.The development of a high throughput method for fluorometrically measuring APA allowed for a large quantity of pond-water samples to be analyzed. The new method utilized a cytofluor, a fluorescence multi-well plate reader, which increased sample throughput by 75% compared to a standard filter fluorometer method. The detection limit, capability to measure APA at different time intervals, and performance at sea were tested. APA measurements made using the cytofluor were comparable to those made using a standard filter fluorometer, thus indicating that the cytofluor is a suitable and preferred replacement to the fluorometer for APA measurements.The presence of alkaline phosphatase, an inducible phospho-hydrolytic enzyme, is commonly used as an NDI diagnostic for phosphate limitation. A nutrient enrichment incubation re-affirmed the use of APA as a robust indicator of phosphate limitation in phytoplankton. APA data indicate that the system experienced episodic periods of phosphate-deficiency, implying that the limiting nutrient regime was not static, but was changeable throughout the growing season. Seasonal trends in dissolved N:P and particulate C:P ratios often contradict the APA results, however, suggesting that the Redfield Ratio is an unreliable indicator of the overall nutrient limitation regime of the pond. The observed discrepancies between C:N:P and APA can be reconciled by taking into account seasonal changes in species composition, which played an important role in driving seasonal APA trends.

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Section: Alkaline Phosphatasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reporting Alkaline Phosphatase Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particulate Nutrient Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particulate Nutrient Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particulate Nutrient Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient limitation dynamics of a coastal Cape Cod pond : seasonal trends in alkaline phosphatase activity

Haupert¹

2000

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Potential Effects of Climate Changes on Aquatic Systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian Shield Region

et al. 1997

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The region studied includes the Laurentian Great Lakes and a diversity of smaller glacial lakes, streams and wetlands south of permanent permafrost and towards the southern extent of Wisconsin glaciation. We emphasize lakes and quantitative implications. The region is warmer and wetter than it has been over most of the last 12 000 years. Since 1911 observed air temperatures have increased by about 0 . 118C per decade in spring and 0 . 068C in winter; annual precipitation has increased by about 2 . 1% per decade. Ice thaw phenologies since the 1850s indicate a late winter warming of about 2 . 58C. In future scenarios for a doubled CO 2 climate, air temperature increases in summer and winter and precipitation decreases (summer) in western Ontario but increases (winter) in western Ontario, northern Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. Such changes in climate have altered and would further alter hydrological and other physical features of lakes. Warmer climates, i.e. 2 Â CO 2 climates, would lower net basin water supplies, stream¯ows and water levels owing to increased evaporation in excess of precipitation. Water levels have been responsive to drought and future scenarios for the Great Lakes simulate levels 0 . 2 to 2 . 5 m lower. Human adaptation to such changes is expensive. Warmer climates would decrease the spatial extent of ice cover on the Great Lakes; small lakes, especially to the south, would no longer freeze over every year. Temperature simulations for strati®ed lakes are 1±78C warmer for surface waters, and 68C cooler to 88C warmer for deep waters. Thermocline depth would change (4 m shallower to 3 . 5 m deeper) with warmer climates alone; deepening owing to increases in light penetration would occur with reduced input of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from dryer catchments. Dissolved oxygen would decrease below the thermocline. These physical changes would in turn aect the phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos and ®shes. Annual phytoplankton production may increase but many complex reactions of the phytoplankton community to altered temperatures, thermocline depths, light penetrations and nutrient inputs would be expected. Zooplankton biomass would increase, but, again, many complex interactions are expected.Generally, the thermal habitat for warm-, cool-and even cold-water ®shes would increase in size in deep strati®ed lakes, but would decrease in shallow unstrati®ed lakes and in streams. Less dissolved oxygen below the thermocline of lakes would further degrade strati®ed lakes for cold water ®shes. Growth and production would increase for ®shes that are now in thermal environments cooler than their optimum but decrease for those that are at or above their optimum, provided they cannot move to a deeper or headwater thermal refuge. The zoogeographical boundary for ®sh species could move north by 500±600 km; invasions of warmer water ®shes and extirpations of colder water ®shes should increase. Aquatic ecosystems across the region do not necessarily exhibit coherent responses to climate changes and va...

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Potential Effects of Climate Changes on Aquatic Systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian Shield Region

MAGNUSON¹,

WEBSTER²,

ASSEL³

et al. 1997

Hydrol. Process.

133

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The region studied includes the Laurentian Great Lakes and a diversity of smaller glacial lakes, streams and wetlands south of permanent permafrost and towards the southern extent of Wisconsin glaciation. We emphasize lakes and quantitative implications. The region is warmer and wetter than it has been over most of the last 12 000 years. Since 1911 observed air temperatures have increased by about 0. 118C per decade in spring and 0. 068C in winter; annual precipitation has increased by about 2. 1% per decade. Ice thaw phenologies since the 1850s indicate a late winter warming of about 2. 58C. In future scenarios for a doubled CO 2 climate, air temperature increases in summer and winter and precipitation decreases (summer) in western Ontario but increases (winter) in western Ontario, northern Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. Such changes in climate have altered and would further alter hydrological and other physical features of lakes. Warmer climates, i.e. 2 Â CO 2 climates, would lower net basin water supplies, stream ¯ows and water levels owing to increased evaporation in excess of precipitation. Water levels have been responsive to drought and future scenarios for the Great Lakes simulate levels 0. 2 to 2. 5 m lower. Human adaptation to such changes is expensive. Warmer climates would decrease the spatial extent of ice cover on the Great Lakes; small lakes, especially to the south, would no longer freeze over every year. Temperature simulations for strati®ed lakes are 1±78C warmer for surface waters, and 68C cooler to 88C warmer for deep waters. Thermocline depth would change (4 m shallower to 3. 5 m deeper) with warmer climates alone; deepening owing to increases in light penetration would occur with reduced input of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from dryer catchments. Dissolved oxygen would decrease below the thermocline. These physical changes would in turn aect the phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos and ®shes. Annual phytoplankton production may increase but many complex reactions of the phytoplankton community to altered temperatures, thermocline depths, light penetrations and nutrient inputs would be expected. Zooplankton biomass would increase, but, again, many complex interactions are expected. Generally, the thermal habitat for warm-, cool-and even cold-water ®shes would increase in size in deep strati®ed lakes, but would decrease in shallow unstrati®ed lakes and in streams. Less dissolved oxygen below the thermocline of lakes would further degrade strati®ed lakes for cold water ®shes. Growth and production would increase for ®shes that are now in thermal environments cooler than their optimum but decrease for those that are at or above their optimum, provided they cannot move to a deeper or headwater thermal refuge. The zoogeographical boundary for ®sh species could move north by 500±600 km; invasions of warmer water ®shes and extirpations of colder water ®shes should increase. Aquatic ecosystems across the region do not necessarily exhibit coherent responses to climate changes and variability, ...

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Physiological Indicators of Nutrient Deficiency in Lake Phytoplankton

Cited by 361 publications

References 0 publications

Nutrient limitation dynamics of a coastal Cape Cod pond : seasonal trends in alkaline phosphatase activity

Nutrient limitation dynamics of a coastal Cape Cod pond : seasonal trends in alkaline phosphatase activity

Potential Effects of Climate Changes on Aquatic Systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian Shield Region

Potential Effects of Climate Changes on Aquatic Systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian Shield Region

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