Physiological interactions between the host genus Heliothis and its guild of parasitoids

Abstract

Factors produced in Hymenopteran parasitoids from their poison gland or from calyx region of the ovary or from both effect changes in host growth. In this review, the sources of these factors from parasitoids of Heliothis spp.(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are described and their effects on host growth are compared. An evaluation of protein, amino nitrogen, and trehalose levels in the hemolymph of parasitized Heliothis indicates that each parasitoid species exerts a different effect on Heliothis. A number of parasitoid genera still remain to be evaluated relative to their effects o n host growth before a relationship can be established between parasitoid taxon and effects of their parasitism on hosts.

Differential Performance of a Specialist and Two Generalist Herbivores and Their Parasitoids on Plantago lanceolata

“…Generalists Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg, 1822) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a generalist solitary endoparasitoid of caterpillars of many species in the large Lepidoptera family Noctuidae (Bar et al, 1979; Ingram, 1981; Vinson, 1990; Figueiredo et al, 2000; Schneider et al, 2003). This species is a tissue feeder, so the developing wasp larva consumes the entire host.…”

Age Preference and Fitness ofMicroplitis manilae(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Reared onSpodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…In general, host evaluation and selection of parasitoids are very important because a highquality host can promote the fitness of the parasitoid (e.g., development and fecundity) (Vinson 1990;Godfray 1994;Beckage & Gelman 2004;Li et al 2006;Murillo et al 2013). In nature, most parasitoid species can accept or reject hosts for oviposition based on assessment of host qualities (Strand & Pech 1995;Harvey & Strand 2002;Li et al 2006;Murillo et al 2013).…”

“…A suitable host can provide enough nutrition for the development of the parasitoid offspring (Salt 1938). The selection by the parasitoid of suitable hosts is critical to the development of the parasitoid (Vinson 1990;Godfray 1994;Beckage & Gelman 2004). Fitness of the parasitoid is often assessed by survival, fecundity, development duration and sex ratio (Godfray 1994;Roitberg et al 2001).…”

Aspects, Including Pitfalls, of Temporal Sampling of Flying Insects, with Special Reference to Aphids

“…For example, 73% of pea aphids, A. pisum , left their host plants when parasitized by Aphidius ervi Haliday compared with unexposed aphids [157] and doubtless, when infecting winged aphids, which are known to carry them between hosts to found new colonies [158], may well influence the flight behaviour of their insect hosts to some degree by interfering with their essential genetics–chemistry–biochemistry and physiology, e.g., [159]; cf. [160] for Heliothis moths and [161] concerning teratocytes.…”