Physiological maturation stage of cervical vertebrate index in cleft lip/palate and non-cleft lip/palate patients

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Cleft lip and palate patients encounter growth problems in lip and palate area, although their overall growth and development remains unknown. Cervical vertebral maturation are indicators of physiological maturation used in interceptive treatment and orthognathic surgery. The present study aims to determine physiological maturation stage of cervical vertebrae maturation index in cleft andnon-cleft patients. Lateral cephalogram of 26 cleft patients and 27 non-cleft patients with a range of chronological age from 8-16 years old were involved. The cervical vertebrae maturation were analyzed in six stages of cervical vertebrae maturation method of Hassel and Farman. Data were analyzed using t-test (p≤ 0.05). The result shows that physiologicalmaturation stage of cervical vertebrae maturation index in cleft and non-cleft patients has no significant difference in stage acceleration (p= 0.38), stage transition (p= 0.41) and deceleration (p= 0.39). Likewise, there is no significant difference in physiological maturation stage of cervical vertebrae maturation index between cleft and non-cleft patients.

Skeletal Maturation in Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Systematic Review

“…A mix of different cleft types was studied in 3 articles, including patients with UCLP, BCLP, cleft lip, and CP (Sun and Li, 2012; Sun and Li, 2013; Jahanbin et al, 2020). Six articles did not describe the specific type of CL/P included in their studies (Menius et al, 1966; Jensen et al, 1983; Pisek et al, 2013; Flieger et al, 2015; Komala et al, 2019; Ozturk et al, 2020).…”

“…To evaluate skeletal maturity, 2 articles used both CVM and HWM (Batwa et al, 2018; Ozturk et al, 2020), 9 articles used CVM only (Sun and Li, 2012; Ravi and Ravikala, 2013; Sun and Li, 2013; Pisek et al, 2013; Akarsu-Guven et al, 2015; Flieger et al, 2015; Cesur et al, 2018; Komala et al, 2019; Jahanbin et al, 2020), and 2 articles used HWM only (Menius et al, 1966; Jensen et al, 1983). Cervical vertebral maturation was evaluated by lateral cephalograms, while HWM was evaluated using handwrist radiographs.…”

“…The HWM evaluation was conducted via Fishman Maturational Predictors in one article (Ozturk et al, 2020), the Bjork and Helm’s criteria in one article (Cesur et al, 2018), the TW2 method in one article (Jensen et al, 1983), and the Greulich-Pyle handwrist atlas in one article (Menius et al, 1966). Four studies (Batwa et al, 2018; Cesur et al, 2018; Jahanbin et al, 2020; Ozturk et al, 2020) used the method proposed by Baccetti et al (2002) to perform the CVM evaluation, 3 studies (Sun and Li, 2012; Sun and Li, 2013; Flieger et al, 2015) used the method proposed by Baccetti et al (2005), one study (Akarsu-Guven et al, 2015) used Franchi’s method (Franchi et al, 2000), and 3 studies (Pisek et al, 2013; Ravi and Ravikala, 2013; Komala et al, 2019) used the Hassel and Farman method (Hassel and Farman, 1995).…”

“…Different statistical methods have been used to determine the possible delay or advancement of skeletal maturation. Six of the included studies compared the average chronological age of the CL/P and NCLP groups at specific CVM stages (Pisek et al, 2013; Akarsu-Guven et al, 2015; Flieger et al, 2015; Batwa et al, 2018; Komala et al, 2019; Ozturk et al, 2020), and 6 studies calculated the ratios of individuals in each CVM stage for each age bracket (Sun and Li, 2012; Ravi and Ravikala, 2013; Sun and Li, 2013; Batwa et al, 2018; Cesur et al, 2018; Jahanbin et al, 2020). In addition, 2 articles only included patients with CL/P and compared the results with the skeletal age data obtained from a certain “standard cohort” of NCLP children (Menius et al, 1966; Jensen et al, 1983).…”

“…However, the results of these studies are contradictory (Aduss, 1971; Ross, 1987; Cunningham and Jerome, 1997; van der Plas et al, 2012). Some studies (Menius et al, 1966; Sun and Li, 2012; Sun and Li, 2013; Cesur et al, 2018) reported that the skeletal maturation of CL/P children is delayed, while others (Komala et al, 2019; Jahanbin et al, 2020) reported that there was no statistically significant difference in skeletal maturation. Furthermore, some previous studies have reported that patients with CL/P have advanced growth potential (Ross, 1987; Pisek et al, 2013).…”