Physiological Mechanisms for Cardiac Control by Nutritional Intake after Early Maternal Separation in the Young Rat

Hofer, Myron A.; Weiner, Herbert

doi:10.1097/00006842-197501000-00003

Cited by 57 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other measures of sleep organization were not scored: the probabilities of transition from 1 particular state to another, measures of substates, the integration of the several physiological and behavioral components of the states, and the length of the average PS-PS cycle. In our previous study these measures were found not to be affected by separation from the mother (Hofer, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Control of sleep‐wake states in the infant rat by features of the mother‐infant relationship

Hofer

Shair

1982

Developmental Psychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A series of experiments in 2 strains of Wistar rats explored which aspects of maternal separation were responsible for the sleep disturbance of the young. Neither their own mother, after mammary duct ligation, nor constant intragastric infusion of nutrient during the day of separation were found to ameliorate significantly the changes in sleep-wake state organization. However, a periodic nutrient delivery schedule and a formula closely resembling rat milk each ameliorated, and together entirely prevented, the sleep-wake disturbance. Decreased ambient temperature during separation tended to exaggerate the disturbance and periodic tactile-vestibular stimulation tended to reduce it. These findings suggest that the infant rat's normal sleep-wake pattern is maintained by the rhythmicity and composition of the milk delivered to it by its mother, although her warmth and behavioral interaction with it may play subsidiary roles. Separation produces its effects by removing these regulating features of the relationship.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Control of sleep‐wake states in the infant rat by features of the mother‐infant relationship

Hofer

Shair

1982

Developmental Psychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, neonatal sleep-wake cycles (Hofer, 1976;Hofer & Shair, 1982), ornithine decarboxylase levels (Butler, Suskind, & Schanberg, 1968;Evoniuk, Kuhn, & Schanberg, 1979;Kuhn, Butler, & Schanberg, 1978), normal adrenocortical activity (Smotherman, 1983;Stanton & Levine, 1984), heart rate (Hofer, 1971(Hofer, ,1973Hofer & Winer, 1975), and blood pressure (Shear, Brunelli, & Hofer, 1983) are all dependent upon maternal stimulation experienced by pups during normal contact with the dam. Also, Barnett and Walker (1974) have reported that stroking pups with a brush, a procedure used to mimic maternal stimulation, produces a decrease in pup surface body temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical stimulation reduces the body temperature of infant rats

Sullivan

Shokrai

Leon

1988

Developmental Psychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical stimulation of rat pups, of the type normally received from the mother, has been shown to regulate several behavioral and physiological systems in the young. The present paper describes a possible role of physical stimulation in an additional physiological system; the thermoregulatory system. Within a thermoneutral environment, physical stimulation produces a decrease in rectal temperature (Expt. 1). Even in an environment of increasing temperature, similar to that pups experience when in contact with the dam, physical stimulation attenuates an increase in rectal temperature (Expt. 2). The physiological mechanism of heat loss appears to involve ventilatory heat exchange resulting in convective and evaporative heat loss (Expts. 3, 4). Furthermore, physical stimulation continues to produce a decrease in rectal temperature throughout the preweanling period (Expt. 5). These results suggest that pups may not always have to resort to behavioral thermoregulatory mechanisms which require them to separate themselves from their mother. Rather, pups may be cooled, or at least a heat gain attenuated, by physical stimulation from the dam while maintaining contact with her.

show abstract

“…Sepa rated infant rats show a decrease in heart and respiratory rates (despite evidence of distress and increased motor activity) of 30% [50,51]. This decrease is due to a diminution of beta-adrenergic sympathetic tone.…”

Section: Early Social Experience Alters Behavior and Bodily Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What the Future Holds for Psychosomatic Medicine

Weiner¹

1984

Psychother Psychosom

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the recent past, the questions that face a comprehensive psychosomatic medicine have been defined. These questions refer to the context in which disease begins, the timing of the onset of the disease, the role of previous social experience in predisposing to disease, and the choice of the particular disease. It is suggested that a study of bereavement may be paradigmatic in answering these four questions: Bereavement has been cited as a factor in a large variety of disease. However, bereavement may produce discriminated responses of grief; helplessness, hopelessness, and giving-up; and pathological mourning. Pathological mourning in turn may be associated with autoimmune disease. There is evidence that separation and bereavement produces changes in immune function but there is as yet no evidence that it produces distortions of the immune process. There are many factors that affect the timing of disease onset, including maturational ones. Many social experiences have been shown to alter behavior and bodily function and predispose to disease. The question of the choice of disease is determined not only by the effects of bereavement and early experiences, and age, but also by a multiplicity of predisposing ones some of which have been specified.

show abstract

Physiological Mechanisms for Cardiac Control by Nutritional Intake after Early Maternal Separation in the Young Rat

Cited by 57 publications

References 13 publications

Control of sleep‐wake states in the infant rat by features of the mother‐infant relationship

Control of sleep‐wake states in the infant rat by features of the mother‐infant relationship

Physical stimulation reduces the body temperature of infant rats

What the Future Holds for Psychosomatic Medicine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About