Physiological mechanisms of aluminum (Al) toxicity tolerance in nitrogen-fixing aquatic macrophyte Azolla microphylla Kaulf: phytoremediation, metabolic rearrangements, and antioxidative enzyme responses

Chakraborty, Sindhunath; Mishra, Aditi; Verma, Ekta; Tiwari, Balkrishna; Mishra, Arun Kumar; Singh, Satya Shila

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04408-7

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Significant pathways of interest associated with TC2 DEGs include flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, as well as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (Figure 7), which suggests that these two pathways might participate in Chinese fir root responses to Al stress. Coincidently, Chakraborty et al reported that phenolic and flavonoid contents in root exudates of Azolla increased significantly under exposure to 100, 250, and 500 µM Al stress treatments, but declined in the highest exposure treatment of 750 µM Al [39]. These research findings appear to support our conclusion that DEGs involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways are largely down-regulated in Chinese fir roots under exposure to 1 mM Al stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcriptomic Revelation of Phenolic Compounds Involved in Aluminum Toxicity Responses in Roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Lin

2019

Genes

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: Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) is one of the most important coniferous evergreen tree species in South China due to its desirable attributes of fast growth and production of strong and hardy wood. However, the yield of Chinese fir is often inhibited by aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils of South China. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Chinese fir root responses to Al toxicity might help to further increase its productivity. Here we used the Illumina Hiseq4000 platform to carry out transcriptome analysis of Chinese fir roots subjected to Al toxicity conditions. A total of 88.88 Gb of clean data was generated from 12 samples and assembled into 105,732 distinct unigenes. The average length and N50 length of these unigenes were 839 bp and 1411 bp, respectively. Among them, 58362 unigenes were annotated through searches of five public databases (Nr: NCBI non-redundant protein sequences, Swiss-Prot: A manually annotated and reviewed protein sequence database, GO: Gene Ontology, KOG/COG: Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins, and KEGG: the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database), which led to association of unigenes with 44 GO terms. Plus, 1615 transcription factors (TFs) were functionally classified. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs, |log2(fold change)| ≥ 1 and FDR ≤ 0.05) were identified in comparisons labelled TC1 (CK-72 h/CK-1 h) and TC2 (Al-72 h/Al-1 h). A large number of TC2 DEGs group were identified, with most being down-regulated under Al stress, while TC1 DEGs were primarily up-regulated. Combining GO, KEGG, and MapMan pathway analysis indicated that many DEGs are involved in primary metabolism, including cell wall metabolism and lipid metabolism, while other DEGs are associated with signaling pathways and secondary metabolism, including flavonoids and phenylpropanoids metabolism. Furthermore, TFs identified in TC1 and TC2 DEGs represented 21 and 40 transcription factor families, respectively. Among them, expression of bHLH, C2H2, ERF, bZIP, GRAS, and MYB TFs changed considerably under Al stress, which suggests that these TFs might play crucial roles in Chinese fir root responses to Al toxicity. These differentially expressed TFs might act in concert with flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathway genes in fulfilling of key roles in Chinese fir roots responding to Al toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcriptomic Revelation of Phenolic Compounds Involved in Aluminum Toxicity Responses in Roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Lin

2019

Genes

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“…Moreover, the inhibition of photosynthetic pigments by metals toxicity, including Al stress, is also reported to reduce root and shoot growth in Azolla and Secale cereal plants due to the excessive generation of ROS and interfering in essential nutrients uptake required for chlorophyll synthesis [ 60 , 61 ]. In the current study, the same phenomenon of the degradation photosynthetic pigments was detected in sole Al3+-treated plants, which significantly reduced growth attributes in date palm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon- and Boron-Induced Physio-Biochemical Alteration and Organic Acid Regulation Mitigates Aluminum Phytotoxicity in Date Palm Seedlings

et al. 2022

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The current study aimed to understand the synergistic impacts of silicon (Si; 1.0 mM) and boron (B; 10 µM) application on modulating physio-molecular responses of date palm to mitigate aluminum (Al3+; 2.0 mM) toxicity. Results revealed that compared to sole Si and B treatments, a combined application significantly improved plant growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments during Al toxicity. Interestingly, Si and B resulted in significantly higher exudation of organic acid (malic acids, citric acids, and acetic acid) in the plant’s rhizosphere. This is also correlated with the reduced accumulation and translocation of Al in roots (60%) and shoots (56%) in Si and B treatments during Al toxicity compared to in sole Al3+ treatment. The activation of organic acids by combined Si + B application has significantly regulated the ALMT1, ALMT2 and plasma membrane ATPase; PMMA1 and PMMA3 in roots and shoots. Further, the Si-related transporter Lsi2 gene was upregulated by Si + B application under Al toxicity. This was also validated by the higher uptake and translocation of Si in plants. Al-induced oxidative stress was significantly counteracted by exhibiting lower malondialdehyde and superoxide production in Si + B treatments. Experiencing less oxidative stress was evident from upregulation of CAT and Cyt-Cu/Zn SOD expression; hence, enzymatic activities such as polyphenol oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase were significantly activated. In the case of endogenous phytohormones, Si + B application demonstrated the downregulation of the abscisic acid (ABA; NCED1 and NCED6) and salicylic acid (SA; PYL4, PYR1) biosynthesis-related genes. Consequently, we also noticed a lower accumulation of ABA and rising SA levels under Al-stress. The current findings illustrate that the synergistic Si + B application could be an effective strategy for date palm growth and productivity against Al stress and could be further extended in field trails in Al-contaminated fields.

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“…Azolla is still cultivated in organically managed paddy fields, especially in rice-fish-Azolla or rice-duck-Azolla multi-ecoproduction systems in Asia (Cagauan, Branckaert, and van Hove 2000;Lu and Xia 2006;Cheng et al 2015). Additionally, Azolla has recently gained considerable importance for its multifaceted uses (Yadav et al 2014;Kollah, Patra, and Mohanty 2016;Shukla et al 2018;Chakraborty et al 2019). Use of Azolla as green manure can either be through its incorporation into paddy soil at the beginning of land preparation before rice transplanting or grown as a dual crop along with rice plants (Xu et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azolla incorporation and dual cropping influences CH₄ and N₂O emissions from flooded paddy ecosystems

Kimani

Bimantara

Hattori

et al. 2020

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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To investigate the influence of Azolla (A. filiculoides Lam.) incorporated as a green manure and its subsequent growth as a dual crop with rice on simultaneous methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from a flooded alluvial soil planted with rice, a pot experiment with three treatments, chemical fertilizers (NPK) as the control, incorporation of Azolla as green manure (AGM), and AGM plus basal chemical fertilizers (NPK+AGM) was conducted in Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan in 2017. AGM and NPK +AGM treatments significantly increased CH 4 emissions at early rice growth stages before 63 days after transplanting (DAT) by 123.0% and 176.7% compared to NPK, respectively. At late rice growth stages (after 63 DAT), only the NPK+AGM treatment significantly increased CH 4 emission by 22.1% compared to NPK. However, percentage of CH 4 emitted after 63 DAT relative to the seasonal CH 4 emission followed the order of NPK (86.2%) > AGM (76.5%) > NPK+AGM (73.3%). Higher CH 4 emissions from AGM and NPK +AGM before 63 DAT were attributed to the incorporated Azolla, while the higher emissions after 63 DAT in all treatment groups were ascribed to rice photosynthesis. AGM and NPK+AGM treatments significantly decreased N 2 O emissions by 71.6% and 81.1% compared to NPK, respectively, at early rice growth stages. Azolla incorporation may have restricted N 2 O emission from initial soil nitrate before 63 DAT and not have contributed to N 2 O emissions after 63 DAT. Significantly higher grain yields were observed under the AGM (32.5%) and NPK+AGM (36.3%) compared to NPK. Together, AGM and NPK+AGM treatments significantly increased seasonal CH 4 emissions by 31.5% and 43.5%, and decreased seasonal N 2 O emissions 3.4-and 4.6-fold compared to NPK, respectively. There were no significant differences in the CH 4 emissions per grain yield among the treatments; however compared to NPK, AGM and NPK +AGM treatments significantly reduced N 2 O emissions per grain yield by 78.7% and 84.1%, respectively.

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Physiological mechanisms of aluminum (Al) toxicity tolerance in nitrogen-fixing aquatic macrophyte Azolla microphylla Kaulf: phytoremediation, metabolic rearrangements, and antioxidative enzyme responses

Cited by 20 publications

References 62 publications

Transcriptomic Revelation of Phenolic Compounds Involved in Aluminum Toxicity Responses in Roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Transcriptomic Revelation of Phenolic Compounds Involved in Aluminum Toxicity Responses in Roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Silicon- and Boron-Induced Physio-Biochemical Alteration and Organic Acid Regulation Mitigates Aluminum Phytotoxicity in Date Palm Seedlings

Azolla incorporation and dual cropping influences CH₄ and N₂O emissions from flooded paddy ecosystems

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Physiological mechanisms of aluminum (Al) toxicity tolerance in nitrogen-fixing aquatic macrophyte Azolla microphylla Kaulf: phytoremediation, metabolic rearrangements, and antioxidative enzyme responses

Cited by 20 publications

References 62 publications

Transcriptomic Revelation of Phenolic Compounds Involved in Aluminum Toxicity Responses in Roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Transcriptomic Revelation of Phenolic Compounds Involved in Aluminum Toxicity Responses in Roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Silicon- and Boron-Induced Physio-Biochemical Alteration and Organic Acid Regulation Mitigates Aluminum Phytotoxicity in Date Palm Seedlings

Azolla incorporation and dual cropping influences CH4 and N2O emissions from flooded paddy ecosystems

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Product

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Azolla incorporation and dual cropping influences CH₄ and N₂O emissions from flooded paddy ecosystems