Physiological mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants

Pirasteh‐Anosheh, Hadi; Ranjbar, Gholamhassan; Pakniyat, Hassan; Emam, Y.

doi:10.1002/9781119081005.ch8

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Tolerance to the salinity stress can be of utmost importance to provide enough food to the growing world population. Antiporters are a key determinant for maintaining cellular ion homeostasis within the plant cell thus averting the toxic effects of accumulated salt by compartmentalizing into the vacuolar organelle, or excluding to the apoplast and keeping low ion content in the cytosol [ 18 ]. Although salinity is a multigenic trait and is governed by the coordinated action of several genes, but previous studies have also supported the efficacy of salinity tolerance imparted by overexpressing single gene either in a model plant or crop plants [ 25 , 27 , 30 , 32 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proline is an organic osmolyte, known to accumulate during salt stress in a variety of plants to provide osmotic balance and protection to cellular enzymes [ 18 , 33 ]. During salt treatment (200 mM NaCl), the proline content was increased in both WT and transgenic plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salinity tolerance is multi-faceted trait governed by a plethora of mechanism that varies with plant development stage or environmental factors that are highly dynamic in nature [ 18 ]. Therefore, incorporation of salinity tolerance in domesticated crops by transferring salt tolerant gene is one of the major challenges for plant breeders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In planta Transformed Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Plants, Overexpressing the SbNHX1 Gene Showed Enhanced Salt Endurance

et al. 2016

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Cumin is an annual, herbaceous, medicinal, aromatic, spice glycophyte that contains diverse applications as a food and flavoring additive, and therapeutic agents. An efficient, less time consuming, Agrobacterium-mediated, a tissue culture-independent in planta genetic transformation method was established for the first time using cumin seeds. The SbNHX1 gene, cloned from an extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata was transformed in cumin using optimized in planta transformation method. The SbNHX1 gene encodes a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter and is involved in the compartmentalization of excess Na+ ions into the vacuole and maintenance of ion homeostasis Transgenic cumin plants were confirmed by PCR using gene (SbNHX1, uidA and hptII) specific primers. The single gene integration event and overexpression of the gene were confirmed by Southern hybridization and competitive RT-PCR, respectively. Transgenic lines L3 and L13 showed high expression of the SbNHX1 gene compared to L6 whereas moderate expression was detected in L5 and L10 transgenic lines. Transgenic lines (L3, L5, L10 and L13), overexpressing the SbNHX1 gene, showed higher photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid), and lower electrolytic leakage, lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and proline content as compared to wild type plants under salinity stress. Though transgenic lines were also affected by salinity stress but performed better compared to WT plants. The ectopic expression of the SbNHX1 gene confirmed enhanced salinity stress tolerance in cumin as compared to wild type plants under stress condition. The present study is the first report of engineering salt tolerance in cumin, so far and the plant may be utilized for the cultivation in saline areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In planta Transformed Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Plants, Overexpressing the SbNHX1 Gene Showed Enhanced Salt Endurance

et al. 2016

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“…Soil salinity, a major abiotic stress affecting growth and plant productivity worldwide, constitutes one of the main topics of study in the field of biochemistry, and plant physiology [1,2]. Salinity exerts various negative effects on germination, as well as on plant growth and development, including water deficit accompanied by reductions in photosynthetic activity, nutritional imbalance, ion toxicity, induction and modulation of plant hormones, and many metabolic changes leading to molecular damage due the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Halophytes to Different Habitats

Bueno¹

2020

Seed Dormancy and Germination

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In recent years, global climate change has been altering environmental (severe drought, soil salinization, irregular precipitation, etc.), around world, decreasing crop yield and upsetting the balance of ecosystems. Nonetheless, a group of plants known as halophytes have the ability to survive and develop in saline soils (wetlands, deserts or temperate zones), may be used in agriculture as a possible alternative to crops (salt-sensitive), as well as for fodder, energy production, medicinal purposes, and desalination of salt-affected areas (phytoremediation). This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of the adaptive strategies used by the annual and perennial halophytes on ecophysiological perspectives, to survive in diverse habitats. The results show a great diverse strategies, such as heteromorphism, seed banks, dormancy, rapid germination, and recovery capacity, from saline shock, favoring the chances of seed survival, although these mechanisms depend on light, moisture, temperature, and the type of salt, in which seeds germinate. In addition, it has been included some molecular, and biochemical aspects, discovered in last years, that might improve our understanding of physiology of these plants. It can conclude that halophytes may be as a possible alternative to ease pressure on cropping systems, restored lands degraded, or confer stress tolerance trough gene transfer.

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“…The effects of NaCl on plants include osmotic stress, due to lower cellular hydric potential and ionic stress due to the cytotoxicity of the saline ions Na + and Cl -, leading to a nutritional imbalance mainly in K, Ca, Mg, and as a consequence of both stresses (osmotic and ionic), the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mainly consist of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anions (O -2 ), and hydroxyl radicals (OH•), is triggered, which causes damage to living cells (Abogadallah, 2010;Munns & Gilliham, 2015;Pirasteh-Anosheh et al, 2016). In fact, at high concentrations, ROS (mainly H 2 O 2 ) promote oxidative stress and trigger signaling events associated with cell death, but at low concentrations, ROS act as messenger molecules involved in adaptive signaling, allowing tolerance against various abiotic stresses (Abogadallah, 2010;Hao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of forage legumes under moderate salinity with exogenous salicylic acid or spermidine

et al. 2020

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The present study aims to determine whether exogenous salicylic acid (SA) or spermidine (Spd) has any protective effect against salt stress. Seeds were subjected to 0, 20, 40, and 60 mM NaCl with or without salicylic acid or spermidine (0.5 mM) for 10 days. The evaluated variables were germination rate, shoot and root dry masses, glycine betaine content, lipid peroxidation, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The data were subjected to Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). There was a growth increase, especially in plant shoots. The reduction in lipid peroxidation, as indicated by lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, can be explained by an increase in antioxidant activity when SA and Spd were added. When compared to CAT and APX, SOD was the least responsive enzyme to the addition of both SA and Spd in salt-stressed plants. SA and Spd partially reduced the effects of moderate salt stress in both plant species; however, Spd addition had better results than SA in terms of suppressing oxidative stress. Lablab plants were more vigorous than pigeonpea plants.

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Physiological mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants

Cited by 51 publications

References 74 publications

In planta Transformed Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Plants, Overexpressing the SbNHX1 Gene Showed Enhanced Salt Endurance

In planta Transformed Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Plants, Overexpressing the SbNHX1 Gene Showed Enhanced Salt Endurance

Adaptation of Halophytes to Different Habitats

Pretreatment of forage legumes under moderate salinity with exogenous salicylic acid or spermidine

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