Physiological Mechanisms of Weight Gain−Induced Steatosis in People With Obesity

Fabbrini, Elisa; Luecking, Courtney; Okunade, Adewole L.; Yoshino, Mihoko; Fraterrigo, Gemma; Patterson, Bruce W.; Klein, Samuel

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.003

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Body protein and lipid synthesis contribute significantly to fish weight gain [31, 32]. The lower level of whole body protein and fat contents in fish fed with MBM diet indicated the poor growth performance of fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Cellular and Systemic Nutrient Sensing and Intermediary Metabolism after Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Meat and Bone Meal in the Diet of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Song¹,

Xu²,

Mai³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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This study was designed to examine the cellular and systemic nutrient sensing mechanisms as well as the intermediary metabolism responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed with fishmeal diet (FM diet), 45% of FM replaced by meat and bone meal diet (MBM diet) or MBM diet supplemented with essential amino acids to match the amino acid profile of FM diet (MBM+AA diet). During the one month feeding trial, feed intake was not affected by the different diets. However, MBM diet caused significant reduction of specific growth rate and nutrient retentions. Compared with the FM diet, MBM diet down-regulated target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGFs) signaling pathways, whereas up-regulated the amino acid response (AAR) signaling pathway. Moreover, MBM diet significantly decreased glucose and lipid anabolism, while increased muscle protein degradation and lipid catabolism in liver. MBM+AA diet had no effects on improvement of MBM diet deficiencies. Compared with fasted, re-feeding markedly activated the TOR signaling pathway, IGF signaling pathway and glucose, lipid metabolism, while significantly depressed the protein degradation signaling pathway. These results thus provided a comprehensive display of molecular responses and a better explanation of deficiencies generated after fishmeal replacement by other protein sources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Cellular and Systemic Nutrient Sensing and Intermediary Metabolism after Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Meat and Bone Meal in the Diet of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Song¹,

Xu²,

Mai³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) deficiency results in embryonic lethality (1), attesting to the essential role of de novo lipogenesis. However, excessive lipogenesis leads to lipotoxicity and causes (or worsens) human diseases, including fatty liver disease (2,3). Liver steatosis is a driving force for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (2)(3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Slug epigenetically promotes liver lipogenesis, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes

Liu¹,

Lin²,

Jiang³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Investigation

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“…NAFLD is among the most common causes of chronic liver disease in obese people [41] . NAFLD patients have food dependency [50] , and weight reduction is useful for the prevention of NAFLD progression [51] , [52] . However, clinical hepatologists often encounter NAFLD patients who do not stop overeating in spite of frequent nutritional guidance [50] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of plasma transaminase levels on the peripheral blood glutamate levels and memory functions in healthy subjects

et al. 2016

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Background & aimsBlood aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are the most frequently reliable biomarkers of liver injury. Although AST and ALT play central roles in glutamate production as transaminases, peripheral blood levels of AST and ALT have been regarded only as liver injury biomarkers. Glutamate is a principal excitatory neurotransmitter, which affects memory functions in the brain. In this study, we investigated the impact of blood transaminase levels on blood glutamate concentration and memory.MethodsPsychiatrically, medically, and neurologically healthy subjects (n = 514, female/male: 268/246) were enrolled in this study through local advertisements. Plasma amino acids (glutamate, glutamine, glycine, d-serine, and l-serine) were measured using a high performance liquid chromatography system. The five indices, verbal memory, visual memory, general memory, attention/concentration, and delayed recall of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised were used to measure memory functions.ResultsBoth plasma AST and ALT had a significant positive correlation with plasma glutamate levels. Plasma AST and ALT levels were significantly negatively correlated with four of five memory functions, and plasma glutamate was significantly negatively correlated with three of five memory functions. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that plasma AST, ALT, and glutamate levels were significantly correlated with memory functions even after adjustment for gender and education.ConclusionsAs far as we know, this is the first report which could demonstrate the impact of blood transaminase levels on blood glutamate concentration and memory functions in human. These findings are important for the interpretation of obesity-induced metabolic syndrome with elevated transaminases and cognitive dysfunction.

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Physiological Mechanisms of Weight Gain−Induced Steatosis in People With Obesity

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative Study on the Cellular and Systemic Nutrient Sensing and Intermediary Metabolism after Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Meat and Bone Meal in the Diet of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Comparative Study on the Cellular and Systemic Nutrient Sensing and Intermediary Metabolism after Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Meat and Bone Meal in the Diet of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Hepatic Slug epigenetically promotes liver lipogenesis, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes

Impact of plasma transaminase levels on the peripheral blood glutamate levels and memory functions in healthy subjects

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