Physiological, Perceptual, and Performance Responses to the 2-Week Block of High- versus Low-Intensity Endurance Training

Nuuttila, Olli-Pekka; Nummela, Ari; Kyröläinen, Heikki; Jari, Laukkanen; Häkkinen, Keijo

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002861

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Despite the fact that this was confirmed "only" by estimated readiness to train, the marker has been useful in the prediction of functional overreaching, 29 and has also been associated with the acute changes in performance followed by highintensity interval training block. 24 When evaluating current responses, changes of HR and HRV were greatest in magnitude in 4H and FULL segments, and the averages exceeded the typical error. Previously, the responses to endurance exercises in nocturnal recordings have been somewhat contradictory, as some have found greater increases in HR and decrements in HRV 16,19 compared with the present study, while others have found changes only in HR 15,20,21 despite late-time exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Recreational male and female runners were recruited for a larger study project, 24 during which the current data collection was executed. Subjects whose full nocturnal HR and HRV data were available after the 2 first consecutive LIT sessions of the training period (n = 15) and/ or the night before and after the second 3000-m test of the study (n = 23) were involved in the analysis.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability and Sensitivity of Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart-Rate Variability in Monitoring Individual Responses to Training Load

Nuuttila

Seipäjärvi

Kyröläinen

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To assess the reliability of nocturnal heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) and to analyze the sensitivity of these markers to maximal endurance exercise. Methods: Recreational runners recorded nocturnal HR and HRV on nights after 2 identical low-intensity training sessions (n = 15) and on nights before and after a 3000-m running test (n = 23). Average HR, the natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD), and the natural logarithm of the high-frequency power (LnHF) were analyzed from a full night (FULL), a 4-hour (4H) segment starting 30 minutes after going to sleep, and morning value (MOR) based on the endpoint of the linear fit through all 5-minute averages during the night. Differences between the nights were analyzed with a general linear model, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for internight reliability assessments. Results: All indices were similar between the nights followed by low-intensity training sessions. A very high ICC (P < .001) was observed in all analysis segments with a range of .97 to .98 for HR, .92 to .97 for LnRMSSD, and .91 to .96 for LnHF. HR increased (P < .001), whereas LnRMSSD (P < .01) and LnHF (P < .05) decreased after the 3000-m test compared with previous night only in 4H and FULL. Increments in HR (P < .01) and decrements in LnRMSSD (P < .05) were greater in 4H compared with FULL and MOR. Conclusions: Nocturnal HR and HRV indices are highly reliable. Demanding maximal exercise increases HR and decreases HRV most systematically in 4H and FULL segments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Sensitivity of Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart-Rate Variability in Monitoring Individual Responses to Training Load

Nuuttila

Seipäjärvi

Kyröläinen

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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“…During INT, the weekly main session was 6 × 3 min performed at the maximal sustainable effort with 2-min recovery intervals in between ( 27 ). Basically, the running speed during the intervals was between the second lactate threshold and maximal treadmill test speed and at the end of intervals, HR reached values above the second lactate threshold (HRzone3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatigue was expected to be sensitive for the (too high) changes in the training load ( 22 , 23 ) and to increase as a sign of possible overreaching ( 30 , 31 ). Muscle soreness has also increased after periods of intensified training ( 23 , 27 , 32 ), and high values may relate to overtraining ( 30 ). Hooper et al ( 30 ) suggested that in a 1–7 scale, values >5 would be associated with staleness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individualized Endurance Training Based on Recovery and Training Status in Recreational Runners

Nuuttila

Nummela

Korhonen

et al. 2022

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: Longterm development of endurance performance requires a proper balance between strain and recovery. Because responses and adaptations to training are highly individual, this study examined whether individually adjusted endurance training based on recovery and training status would lead to greater adaptations compared with a predefined program. Methods: Recreational runners were divided into predefined (PD; n = 14) or individualized (IND; n = 16) training groups.In IND, the training load was decreased, maintained, or increased twice a week based on nocturnal heart rate variability, perceived recovery, and heart rate-running speed index. Both groups performed 3-wk preparatory, 6-wk volume, and 6-wk interval periods. Incremental treadmill tests and 10-km running tests were performed before the preparatory period (T 0 ) and after the preparatory (T 1 ), volume (T 2 ), and interval (T 3 ) periods. The magnitude of training adaptations was defined based on the coefficient of variation between T 0 and T 1 tests (high >2Â, low <0.5Â). Results: Both groups improved (P < 0.01) their maximal treadmill speed and 10-km time from T 1 to T 3 . The change in the 10-km time was greater in IND compared with PD (−6.2% ± 2.8% vs −2.9% ± 2.4%, P = 0.002). In addition, IND had more high responders (50% vs 29%) and fewer low responders (0% vs 21%) compared with PD in the change of maximal treadmill speed and 10-km performance (81% vs 23% and 13% vs 23%), respectively. Conclusions: PD and IND induced positive training adaptations, but the individualized training seemed more beneficial in endurance performance. Moreover, IND increased the likelihood of high response and decreased the occurrence of low response to endurance training.

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Monitoring fatigue state with heart rate‐based and subjective methods during intensified training in recreational runners

Nuuttila,

Uusitalo,

Kokkonen

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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The purpose of this study was firstly to examine the sensitivity of heart rate (HR)‐based and subjective monitoring markers to intensified endurance training; and secondly, to investigate the validity of these markers to distinguish individuals in different fatigue states. A total of 24 recreational runners performed a 3‐week baseline period, a 2‐week overload period, and a 1‐week recovery period. Performance was assessed before and after each period with a 3000m running test. Recovery was monitored with daily orthostatic tests, nocturnal HR recordings, questionnaires, and exercise data. The participants were divided into subgroups (overreached/OR, n = 8; responders/RESP, n = 12) based on the changes in performance and subjective recovery. The responses to the second week of the overload period were compared between the subgroups. RESP improved their baseline 3000 m time (p < 0.001) after the overload period (−2.5 ± 1.0%), and the change differed (p < 0.001) from OR (0.6 ± 1.2%). The changes in nocturnal HR (OR 3.2 ± 3.1%; RESP −2.8 ± 3.7%, p = 0.002) and HR variability (OR −0.7 ± 1.8%; RESP 2.1 ± 1.6%, p = 0.011) differed between the subgroups. In addition, the decrease in subjective readiness to train (p = 0.009) and increase in soreness of the legs (p = 0.04) were greater in OR compared to RESP. Nocturnal HR, readiness to train, and exercise‐derived HR‐running power index had ≥85% positive and negative predictive values in the discrimination between OR and RESP individuals. In conclusion, exercise tolerance can vary substantially in recreational runners. The results supported the usefulness of nocturnal HR and subjective recovery assessments in recognizing fatigue states.

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Physiological, Perceptual, and Performance Responses to the 2-Week Block of High- versus Low-Intensity Endurance Training

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Reliability and Sensitivity of Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart-Rate Variability in Monitoring Individual Responses to Training Load

Reliability and Sensitivity of Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart-Rate Variability in Monitoring Individual Responses to Training Load

Individualized Endurance Training Based on Recovery and Training Status in Recreational Runners

Monitoring fatigue state with heart rate‐based and subjective methods during intensified training in recreational runners

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