Physiological reactions of Caucasian and Bantu males in acute exposure to cold

Abstract

Eleven men per sample of Caucasian and Bantu males were exposed for 2 hr in a climatic chamber at various air temperatures ranging from 5 to 27 C, and a wind velocity of 80–100 ft/min. When expressed per square meter surface area the metabolism of the Bantu was greater in the range above 18 C and below 6 C. Average skin temperatures were similar for both groups, but between 27 and 17 C the toe and finger temperatures of the Caucasians were significantly higher than that of the Bantu—the difference at 27 C being 5 C for the fingers and 3.6 C for the toes. Rectal temperatures of both groups were similar between 27 and 17 C. With the rectal temperatures at 27 C air temperature as the criterion, it was found that as the air temperatures decreased below the 27–17 C range the rectal temperatures of the Bantu fell linearly, while the rectal temperatures of the Caucasians rose steadily. There is no doubt that in certain ranges of air temperatures there are significant differences between the cold reactions of Caucasians and the Bantu. cold adaptation; ethnic differences in response to cold; metabolic and body temperature reactions to cold; metabolic response to body temperature; metabolic reactions of ethnic groups Submitted on July 15, 1963

Personal protective clothing and safety of firefighters near a high intensity fire front

“…The experimental data represent averages for semi-nude, seated individuals after 1 h exposure to a range of environment temperatures between 5 and 50 1C, obtained for 44 persons by Wyndham et al [33] and for 86 individuals by Werner and Reents [34]. A reasonable agreement between them is observed.…”

Computer prediction of human thermoregulatory and temperature responses to a wide range of environmental conditions

“…17. The experimental data represent averages (±SD) for 44 (Wyndham et al 1964) (Fig. 17A) and three (Gagge et al 1967;Hardy and Stolwijk 1966) (Fig.…”

Effect of local cooling on skin temperature and blood flow of men in Antarctica

“…The changes in skin temperature (Tsk) and hand blood flow occurring in response to cold exposure have been interpreted as indicators of cold acclimatization (Budd 1964;Budd and Warhaft 1966). The studies conducted by Wyndham et al (1964aWyndham et al ( , b, 1968 demonstrated a fall in mean Tsk during men's stay in Antarctica. This is a typical response of non-acclimatized adult men subjected to cold (Budd 1964); however, after accliCorrespondence to: U. Sachdeva matization in Antarctica the peripheral blood flow was increased in men after 12 months of stay in Antarctica (Bodey 1978).…”