Physiological response of Culex pipiens larvae to sublethal concentrations of sodium and calcium hypochlorite

Abstract

Aim : Methodology :Results : Interpretation :The present study investigated the physiological responses and histopathological changes of larvae exposed to sublethal concentrations of sodium and calcium hypochlorite.The concentration of total protein, lipids and carbohydrates as well as activity of acetylcholinesterase were determined in larvae using colorimetric methods. The interaction between hypochlorite and fourth instars larvae of was followed through histological sections.The contents of total protein and total carbohydrates of all larval instars increased following treatment with sublethal concentrations of both hypochlorite compounds. However, treatment of larvae with 1/10 LC induced significant reduction in the total carbohydrate content. In addition, treatment of larvae with sublethal concentrations of both hypochlorite compounds induced significant reduction in the total lipid content. Furthermore, the acetylcholinesterase activity significantly decreased in treated first and second larval instars, while increased in treated third and fourth larval instars.In larvae treated with sublethal concentrations of calcium and sodium hypochlorite, the mid gut cells appeared thinner and flattened, with disappearance of the peritrophic matrix and reduced fat body. The presentstudysuggestedthathypochloritecompoundshadapronouncedeffectonlarvalmetabolicpathways.

Effect of 1,2,4-Triazine Derivatives on the Mosquito “Culex Pipiens” and Its Biological Characteristics

“…pipiens. Shu et al [6] also found that the lethal concentration of sodium, calcium hypochlorite prolonged the pupation time of Cx. pipiens and caused a significant decrease in the adult emergence.…”

“…Malaria, caused by Plasmodium spp. parasites, which has the highest impact in terms of human deaths worldwide [4,6] . Malaria control campaigns in the 1950s-1960s successfully eradicated the disease from the majority of the temperate regions [7] .…”

“…It is also the vector of West Nile and Sindbis viruses [16] , Rift valley fever virus [17] , as well as serious nuisance pests. It is the most common mosquito species and breeds primarily in large numbers in receptacles that hold stagnant water and organic materials such as irrigation canals, drainage cesspools, sewage streams, and pit latrines [6,16] . These habitats provide shade, standing water, and decomposing organic material for mosquitoes.…”

Synthesis, SAR studies, and insecticidal activities of certain N-heterocycles derived from 3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one against Culex pipiens L. larvae

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Mosquitoes are the main vector of serious diseases that threaten human health and cause adverse socioeconomic impacts, particularly in subtropical and tropical climates. 29,30 Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a widely distributed and epidemic mosquito found in Egypt. 31 It is the vector of the West Nile virus, Ri Valley fever virus, and lariasis.…”