Physiological response of Pinus taeda L. trees to stem inoculation with Leptographium terebrantis

Mensah, John Victor; Sayer, Mary Anne Sword; Nadel, Ryan L.; Matusick, George; Eckhardt, Lori G.

doi:10.1007/s00468-020-01965-0

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Leptographium terebrantis inoculation did not negatively influence foliage moisture content relative to uninoculated trees to induce moisture stress in the young loblolly pine trees. Previously, Mensah et al (2020) noted that L . terebrantis inoculation did not cause moisture stress on young loblolly pine trees by 24 weeks after infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sapwood growth and tolerance of Pinus taeda trees to Leptographium terebrantis inoculation

2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leptographium terebrantis is an opportunistic root pathogen that has been implicated as a contributing factor of Pinus taeda decline and mortality over the past several decades in central parts of Alabama and Georgia, USA. We assessed the potential of L. terebrantis to initiate crown thinning in young P. taeda trees and hypothesized that L. terebrantis infestation will impose moisture stress on foliage, induce premature senescence, and cause loss of foliage biomass. The study was undertaken in a naturally regenerated 5–7‐year‐old P. taeda stand at Andalusia, Alabama in a completely randomized design using artificial inoculations of L. terebrantis colonized toothpicks. After four years of infestation, the pathogen caused sapwood occlusions and loss of sapwood function but failed to impose moisture stress on needles to induce premature senescence and loss of biomass. The new sapwood formed around the occluded area was devoid of pathogen infestation. The new growth was approximately twice the size of occluded tissue and compensated for the loss of old sapwood function to sustain tree growth. Results demonstrated that young P. taeda trees can tolerate L. terebrantis infection when stand conditions sustain the formation of new sapwood.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sapwood growth and tolerance of Pinus taeda trees to Leptographium terebrantis inoculation

2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using direct X-ray microCT imaging in esca symptomatic stems, we found that hydraulic conductivity loss was almost entirely associated with the presence of tyloses. Different studies have investigated the link between vascular pathogen development and hydraulic conductivity in stems (Collins et al ., 2009; Lachenbruch and Zhao, 2019; Mensah et al ., 2020). During biotic stresses, air embolisms have been shown to decrease hydraulic conductivity during bacterial leaf scorch disease (McElrone et al ., 2003; 2008), Pierce’s disease (Pérez-Donoso et al ., 2016), and Pine wilt disease (Yazaki et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the case regarding the susceptibility of different species or varieties to specific pathogens (Jacobi & MacDonald, 1980;Ouellette et al, 1999;Clerivet et al, 2000;Et-Touil et al, 2005;Venturas et al, 2014;Park & Juzwik 2014;Rioux et al, 2018), in particular to Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, one of the pathogen associated with esca (Pouzoulet et al, 2017;. (ii) In other studies, it has been shown that tyloses can exacerbate symptoms (Talboys, 1972): they cause a reduction in stem hydraulic conductivity, sometimes associated with a reduction in stomatal conductance in leaves and, in the most severe cases, wilting (Parke et al, 2007;Beier et al, 2017;Lachenbruch & Zhao, 2019, Mensah et al, 2020Sun et al, 2013;Deyett et al, 2019 during Pierce's disease). Our results suggest that during esca (i) the development of tyloses in stems cannot be interpreted as a systematic trait of pathogen resistance because visual symptoms were observed despite the presence of tyloses and they were produced at a distance from pathogens.…”

Section: Hydraulic Conductivity Tyloses and Vessel Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and long-term consequences of esca on grapevine stem xylem integrity

Bortolami

Farolfi

Badel

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydraulic failure has been extensively studied during drought-induced plant dieback, but its role in plant-pathogen interactions is under debate. During esca, a grapevine (Vitis vinifera) disease, symptomatic leaves are prone to irreversible hydraulic dysfunctions but little is known about the hydraulic integrity of perennial organs over the short- and long-term. We investigated the effects of esca on stem hydraulic integrity in naturally infected plants within a single season and across season(s). We coupled in vivo X-ray microtomography visualizations with direct (ks) and indirect (kth) hydraulic conductivity measurements, and tylose and vascular pathogen detection. Although no loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) was observed in asymptomatic stems, 60% of symptomatic stems presented xylem occlusions with subsequent PLC, which could reach critical levels (over 50% PLC). A loss of stem ks was observed simultaneously, or after, the occurrence of leaf symptoms in the presence of tyloses. The impact of esca on xylem integrity was only seasonal and no long-term impact of disease history was recorded. Our study demonstrated how and to what extent a vascular disease such as esca, affecting xylem integrity, could amplify plant mortality by hydraulic failure.HighlightOur study reveals that esca can critically affect xylem water movement in grapevine perennial organs, by the presence of plant-derived tyloses.

show abstract

“…Using direct X-ray microCT imaging in esca symptomatic stems, we found that hydraulic conductivity loss was almost entirely associated with the presence of tyloses. Different studies have investigated the link between vascular pathogen development and hydraulic conductivity in stems (Collins et al, 2009;Lachenbruch and Zhao, 2019;Mensah et al, 2020). During biotic stresses, air embolisms have been shown to decrease hydraulic conductivity during bacterial leaf scorch disease (McElrone et al, 2003;, Pierce's disease (Pérez-Donoso et al, 2016), and Pine wilt disease (Yazaki et al, 2018).…”

Section: In Vivo Xylem Integrity Observations and Hydraulic Vulnerability Segmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of fungal wilt diseases, the hydraulic conductivity loss was associated with nongaseous embolism (i.e. tyloses) at the point of pathogen inoculation (Guerard et al, 2000;Sallé et al, 2008;Beier et al, 2017;Mensah et al, 2020), or with canker presence in naturally infected stems (Lachenbruch and Zhao, 2019).…”

Section: In Vivo Xylem Integrity Observations and Hydraulic Vulnerability Segmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and long-term consequences of esca grapevine disease on stem xylem integrity

Bortolami

Farolfi

Badel

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydraulic failure has been extensively studied during drought-induced plant dieback, but its role in plant-pathogen interactions is under debate. During esca, a grapevine (Vitis vinifera) disease, symptomatic leaves are prone to irreversible hydraulic dysfunctions but little is known about the hydraulic integrity of perennial organs over the short- and long-term. We investigated the effects of esca on stem hydraulic integrity in naturally infected plants within a single season and across season(s). We coupled direct (ks) and indirect (kth) hydraulic conductivity measurements, and tylose and vascular pathogen detection with in vivo X-ray microtomography visualizations. We found xylem occlusions (tyloses), and subsequent loss of stem ks, in all of the shoots with severe symptoms (apoplexy) and in more than 60% of the shoots with moderate symptoms (tiger-stripe), and no tyloses in shoots that were currently asymptomatic. In vivo stem observations demonstrated that tyloses were observed only when leaf symptoms appeared, and resulted in more than 50% PLC in 40% of symptomatic stems, unrelated to symptom age. The impact of esca on xylem integrity was only seasonal and no long-term impact of disease history was recorded. Our study demonstrated how and to what extent a vascular disease such as esca, affecting xylem integrity, could amplify plant mortality by hydraulic failure.

show abstract

Physiological response of Pinus taeda L. trees to stem inoculation with Leptographium terebrantis

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Sapwood growth and tolerance of Pinus taeda trees to Leptographium terebrantis inoculation

Sapwood growth and tolerance of Pinus taeda trees to Leptographium terebrantis inoculation

Seasonal and long-term consequences of esca on grapevine stem xylem integrity

Seasonal and long-term consequences of esca grapevine disease on stem xylem integrity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About