Physiological Responses of Hatchery Reared Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) to Handling

Miles, Harry M.; Loehner, Susan M.; Michaud, David; Salivar, Sandra L.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1974)103<336:prohrm>2.0.co;2

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Hyperglycemia is associated with stressful situations (Wedemeyer 1972;Fletcher 1975) and bacterial infections (Herbell et al 1979), while hypoglycemia may accompany intensive physical effort (Blac et al 1966;Miles et al 1974;Driedzic and Kiceniuk 1976). The present study revealed, that in the case of glucose deltametrin solution caused statistically significant decrease of the level of this compound in the blood serum only in spring, following 48-h exposure of the fish (Tab.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Effect of a sublethal concentration of deltametrin on biochemical parameters of the blood serum of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Kłyszejko¹,

Lyczywek²

1999

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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Effect of 0.14 µm/dm 3 water concentrations of deltametrin on nine biochemical parameters of the blood serum of carp was studied. The experiment was conducted under laboratory con ditions in aquaria in spring and in fall. The exposure times were 24 and 48 hours. In both experimental seasons the deltametrin solution caused fluctuations in the levels of: glu cose, ci-, Na+, K + ions, total calcium, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and cholesterol. It did not affect the content of crude protein.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Effect of a sublethal concentration of deltametrin on biochemical parameters of the blood serum of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Kłyszejko¹,

Lyczywek²

1999

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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“…The gathering and loading procedures preceding slaughter are associated with netting, handling, crowding, changes of environment and sometimes with a temporary extraction from the water or changes in water quality and are stressful for fish (Miles et al, 1974;Specker and Schreck, 1980;Cnaani et al, 2004). Handling and confinement induced increased secretion of adrenaline and corticosteroids in the salmon, while struggling and hypoxia resulted in increases in the plasma corticosteroids.…”

Section: Farmed Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-slaughter conditions, animal stress and welfare: current status and possible future research

Terlouw

Arnould

Aupérin³

et al. 2008

Animal

169

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The present paper describes the main procedures used to slaughter fowl, pigs, calves and adult cattle, sheep, and farmed fish, starting on the farm and ending with the death of the animal at the abattoir. It reviews the currently known causes of stress, indicated by behavioural and physiological measurements on the animal level, and by post-mortem muscle metabolism. During the pre-slaughter period, psychological stress is due to changes of environment, social disturbances and handling, and physical stress is due to food deprivation, climatic conditions, fatigue, and sometimes pain. The exact causes of stress depend, however, on the characteristics of each species, including the rearing system. For fowl, bird catching and crating, duration and climatic conditions of transport and of lairage and shackling are the main known pre-slaughter stress factors. For pigs, stress is caused by fighting during mixing of pens, loading and unloading conditions, and introduction in the restrainer. Handling and novelty of the situation contribute to the stress reactions. For veal calves and adult cattle, disruption of the social group, handling, loading and sometimes unloading conditions, fatigue, novelty of the situation and for calves mixing with unfamiliar animals are known stress factors. Gathering and yarding of extensively reared lambs and sheep causes stress, particularly when shepherd dogs are used. Subsequent transport may induce fatigue, especially if sheep are commercialised through auctions or markets. In farmed fish, stress is predominantly related to environmental aspects such as temperature, oxygen, cleanliness of the water and, to a certain extent, stocking density and removal of the fish from the water. If transport and lairage conditions are good and their durations not too long, they may allow pigs, calves and adult cattle, sheep, and fish to rest. For certain species, it was shown that genetic origin and earlier experience influence reactions to the slaughter procedure. Stunning techniques used depend on the species. Pigs and fowl are mostly electrically or gas-stunned, while most adult cattle are stunned with a captive bolt pistol. Calves and sheep may be electrically stunned or with a captive bolt pistol. Various stunning methods exist for the different farmed fish species. Potential causes of stress associated with the different stunning procedures are discussed. The paper addresses further consequences for meat quality and possible itineraries for future research. For all species, and most urgently for fish, more knowledge is needed on stunning and killing techniques, including gas-stunning techniques, to protect welfare.

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“…Barnhart (6) showed that diet, strain, and age affected hematological characteristics of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Also, the stress of handling, anesthesia, and various methods of capture significantly altered blood characteristics in salmonids (7)(8)(9). These studies illustrated that normal or baseline concentrations of hematological and tissue constituents in fish are difficult to determine and are a major obstacle facing the aquatic toxicologist attempting to develop diagnostic tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical tests in aquatic toxicology: state of the art

Mehrle¹,

Mayer²

1980

Environ Health Perspect

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Hazard assessment of chemicals to aquatic organisms involves the use of many toxicity tests. Acute toxicity tests, embryo-larval toxicity tests, and chronic toxicity tests that measure survival, growth, and reproductive effects now provide the most relative utility for evaluation of potential chemical hazards to aquatic life. Physiological, biochemical, and histological measurements have a low relative utility as diagnostc tests in aquatic toxicology because it is not yet possible to relate changes in these sublethal responses to adverse environmental impacts. The problem of interpreting the toxicological significance of dhemial-induced changes in biochemical and physiological mechanisms is twofold: (1) the understandingof physiological and biochemical regulatory mechanisms in fish is limited; and (2) paraliel changes in these meanisms are difficult to correlate with toxicant exposure and impaired ability of fish to survive. To overcome this problem, more physiological and biochemical research must be conducted in conjunction with toxdcity studies that measure important whole-animal responses. Toxicant-induced biochemical and physioocal responses must be correlated unequivocally with responses related to reproduction, growth and development, survival, or fish health if pertinent diagnostic tests are to be developed for use in aquatic toxiology. The use of diagnostic tests in hazard assessment procedures can decrease the time required for safety evaluation of chemicals, define no-effect exposure concentrations more adequately, and provide a better understanding of the mode of action of chemicals. Considerations for improving the status of the "state of the art" of diagnostic or clinical tests in aquatic toxicology are discussed. established over the years by extensive research correlating physiological and biochemical responses with whole-animal responses. These correlations allow the mammalian toxicologist to interpret the biological significance of physiological responses induced by toxic chemicals.Similar diagnostic tests are not available to fish toxicologists because biochemical and physiological research has been less extensive in aquatic toxicology, which is a relatively new field of science. The "state of the art" of physiological, biochemical, and histological tests in aquatic toxicology was recently summarized by participants in a workshop on aquatic toxicology held at Pellston, Michigan (1). The participants rated the relative utility of eleven toxicity tests using the criteria of ecological significance of effects, scientific and legal defensibility, availability of acceptable methods, utility of test results in predicting effects in aquatic environments, the general applicability to all classes of chemicals, and the simplicity and cost of the test. In terms of present utility for use in assessing the hazard to aquatic environments, acute lethality tests were 139

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Physiological Responses of Hatchery Reared Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) to Handling

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of a sublethal concentration of deltametrin on biochemical parameters of the blood serum of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Effect of a sublethal concentration of deltametrin on biochemical parameters of the blood serum of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Pre-slaughter conditions, animal stress and welfare: current status and possible future research

Clinical tests in aquatic toxicology: state of the art

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