Physiological responses of insular wild black rat (Rattus rattus) to natural infection by the digenean trematode Fasciola hepatica

Magnanou, Elodie; Fons, Roger; Feliú, Carlos; Morand, Sergé

doi:10.1007/s00436-005-0063-1

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Concerning host metabolism, there are several experimental studies that linked parasitic infestations or immune stimulation to higher basal metabolic rates (BMRs) and costs in birds and mammals (79–83). BMR scales in allometry with body mass, but the reasons why some species have higher or lower metabolic rates than predicted from their body mass still remain unclear despite several studies (84).…”

Section: Lesson From Comparative and Field Studies On Multiple Infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of multiple infections on wild animal hosts: a review

Bordes

Morand

2011

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

145

138

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Field parasitological studies consistently demonstrate the reality of polyparasitism in natural systems. However, only recently, studies from ecological and evolutionary fields have emphasised a broad spectrum of potential multiple infections-related impacts. The main goal of our review is to reunify the different approaches on the impacts of polyparasitism, not only from laboratory or human medical studies but also from field or theoretical studies. We put forward that ecological and epidemiological determinants to explain the level of polyparasitism, which regularly affects not only host body condition, survival or reproduction but also host metabolism, genetics or immune investment. Despite inherent limitations of all these studies, multiple infections should be considered more systematically in wildlife to better appreciate the importance of parasite diversity in wildlife, cumulative effects of parasitism on the ecology and evolution of their hosts.

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Section: Lesson From Comparative and Field Studies On Multiple Infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of multiple infections on wild animal hosts: a review

Bordes

Morand

2011

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

145

138

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“…For example, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus 1758 is a trematode that infects livestock, wild ruminants, rodents, and humans as definitive hosts [10], [11]. Many of these species are only weakly connected in food webs, and thus changes to community composition of these hosts may result in additive changes in host density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Density and Competency Determine the Effects of Host Diversity on Trematode Parasite Infection

et al. 2014

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Variation in host species composition can dramatically alter parasite transmission in natural communities. Whether diverse host communities dilute or amplify parasite transmission is thought to depend critically on species traits, particularly on how hosts affect each other’s densities, and their relative competency as hosts. Here we studied a community of potential hosts and/or decoys (i.e. non-competent hosts) for two trematode parasite species, Echinostoma trivolvis and Ribeiroia ondatrae, which commonly infect wildlife across North America. We manipulated the density of a focal host (green frog tadpoles, Rana clamitans), in concert with manipulating the diversity of alternative species, to simulate communities where alternative species either (1) replace the focal host species so that the total number of individuals remains constant (substitution) or (2) add to total host density (addition). For E. trivolvis, we found that total parasite transmission remained roughly equal (or perhaps decreased slightly) when alternative species replaced focal host individuals, but parasite transmission was higher when alternative species were added to a community without replacing focal host individuals. Given the alternative species were roughly equal in competency, these results are consistent with current theory. Remarkably, both total tadpole and per-capita tadpole infection intensity by E. trivolvis increased with increasing intraspecific host density. For R. ondatrae, alternative species did not function as effective decoys or hosts for parasite infective stages, and the diversity and density treatments did not produce clear changes in parasite transmission, although high tank to tank variation in R. ondatrae infection could have obscured patterns.

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“…Alternatively, differences in behaviour or immune response induced by parasitism could lead to different energy dispense. Recently, Magnanou et al (2006) have demonstrated that infestation of rats Rattus rattus with the helminth Fasciola hepatica resulted in higher energy requirements (resting metabolic rate), and evocated tradeoffs with immunity. Consequently, even if the energy entry is similar in parasitized and healthy females, infected females certainly invest more energy in immunity and then less in reproduction, but the effects could not be visible here if they are counterbalanced by more resting activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intestinal nematode Trichuris arvicolae affects the fecundity of its host, the common vole Microtus arvalis

et al. 2007

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Parasites have detrimental effects on host fitness. Consequently, they play a major role for host population dynamics. In this study, we investigated experimentally the impact of the nematode Trichuris arvicolae on the reproduction of its host, the common vole Microtus arvalis. Wild common voles were trapped in east of France and reared in standardized conditions before being experimentally infected. Infection with Trichuris arvicolae did not affect host consumption of food or water. Parasitized females gave birth to slightly less pups (mean 3.36 +/- 0.38) than unparasitized females (mean 3.60 +/- 0.40). Controlling for natal litter size using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), T. arvicolae infection had a significant effect on the individual mass at birth, with pups from parasitized females having significantly lower mass (2.11 g +/- 0.01) than pups from unparasitized females (2.20 g +/- 0.01). Other measures of host reproductive outputs (time to first reproduction, mass of pups at weaning, litter survival) were not affected by maternal parasite infection. We discuss how these changes in M. arvalis reproductive investments associated with T. arvicolae infection must now be investigated in the context of physiological trade-offs.

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Physiological responses of insular wild black rat (Rattus rattus) to natural infection by the digenean trematode Fasciola hepatica

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

The impact of multiple infections on wild animal hosts: a review

The impact of multiple infections on wild animal hosts: a review

Host Density and Competency Determine the Effects of Host Diversity on Trematode Parasite Infection

The intestinal nematode Trichuris arvicolae affects the fecundity of its host, the common vole Microtus arvalis

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