Physiological Responses of Non-Vascular Plants to Heavy Metals

Mallick, Nirupama; C., L.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2660-3_5

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Apart from their presence in plants, carotenoids have also been found in algae and photosynthetic microorganisms [ 152 , 256 ]. Their light-harvesting behaviour in chloroplasts encompasses not only light absorption by antenna molecules (450–570 nm) and transfer of energy to chlorophyll (Chl) molecules but also photosynthetic machinery protection [ 258 , 259 , 260 ]. Carotenoids exert their antioxidative functioning in photosynthetic apparatus through scavenging singlet oxygen activity, reacting with LPOs to halt the chain reaction of ROS production, quenching triplet (3Chl*), and exciting (Chl*) Chl molecules to prevent the formation of singlet oxygen, and dissipating excess excitation energy in the xanthophyll cycle [ 26 , 261 , 262 , 263 ].…”

Section: Non-enzymatic Defensive Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Responses and Implications from a Microbial Modulation Perspective

Zandi

Schnug

2022

Biology

164

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Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses in their lifespan that threaten their survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the byproducts of aerobic metabolism, are essential signalling molecules in regulating multiple plant developmental processes as well as in reinforcing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stimuli. However, intensified environmental challenges such as salinity, drought, UV irradiation, and heavy metals usually interfere with natural ROS metabolism and homeostasis, thus aggravating ROS generation excessively and ultimately resulting in oxidative stress. Cellular damage is confined to the degradation of biomolecular structures, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, and DNA. The nature of the double-edged function of ROS as a secondary messenger or harmful oxidant has been attributed to the degree of existing balance between cellular ROS production and ROS removal machinery. The activities of enzyme-based antioxidants, catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, E.C.1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7); and non-enzyme based antioxidant molecules, ascorbate (AA), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, α-tocopherol, prolines, flavonoids, and phenolics, are indeed parts of the defensive strategies developed by plants to scavenge excess ROS and to maintain cellular redox homeostasis during oxidative stress. This review briefly summarises current knowledge on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machinery in plants. Moreover, additional information about the beneficial impact of the microbiome on countering abiotic/biotic stresses in association with roots and plant tissues has also been provided.

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Section: Non-enzymatic Defensive Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Responses and Implications from a Microbial Modulation Perspective

Zandi

Schnug

2022

Biology

164

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“…The gradual increase in the discharge of heavy metals and other pollutants into the environment directly exposes marine organisms to different levels of toxicity, affecting development and decreasing both growth and biodiversity (Torres et al, 2008). Heavy metals in high concentrations are nonbiodegradable pollutants (Mallick & Rai, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Lead and Copper on the Cellular Architecture and Metabolism of the Red AlgaGracilaria domingensis

et al. 2013

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The effect of lead and copper on apical segments of Gracilaria domingensis was examined. Over a period of 7 days, the segments were cultivated with concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm under laboratory conditions. The samples were processed for light, confocal, and electron microscopy, as well as histochemistry, to evaluate growth rates, mitochondrial activity, protein levels, chlorophyll a, phycobiliproteins, and carotenoids. After 7 days of exposure to lead and copper, growth rates were slower than control, and biomass loss was observed on copper-treated plants. Ultrastructural damage was primarily observed in the internal organization of chloroplasts and cell wall thickness. X-ray microanalysis detected lead in the cell wall, while copper was detected in both the cytoplasm and cell wall. Moreover, lead and copper exposure led to photodamage of photosynthetic pigments and, consequently, changes in photosynthesis. However, protein content and glutathione reductase activity decreased only in the copper treatments. In both treatments, decreased mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity was observed. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that (1) heavy metals such as lead and copper negatively affect various morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes in G. domingensis and (2) copper is more toxic than lead in G. domingensis.

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“…In general, heavy metals can be detoxified by avoidance or tolerance mechanisms. Plants avoid heavy metal uptake by root exudates to complex metals or by immobilization on cell walls, whereas plant tolerance to toxic and excess essential metals is based on a strict regulation of cellular metal homeostasis (Hall 2002; Mallick & Rai 2002; Callahan et al . 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphate assimilation under Cd²⁺ stress in Physcomitrella patens – combined transcript, enzyme and metabolite profiling

Rother

Krauss

Grass³

et al. 2006

Plant Cell & Environment

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Physiological Responses of Non-Vascular Plants to Heavy Metals

Cited by 13 publications

References 165 publications

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Responses and Implications from a Microbial Modulation Perspective

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Responses and Implications from a Microbial Modulation Perspective

The Effects of Lead and Copper on the Cellular Architecture and Metabolism of the Red AlgaGracilaria domingensis

Sulphate assimilation under Cd²⁺ stress in Physcomitrella patens – combined transcript, enzyme and metabolite profiling

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Physiological Responses of Non-Vascular Plants to Heavy Metals

Cited by 13 publications

References 165 publications

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Responses and Implications from a Microbial Modulation Perspective

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Responses and Implications from a Microbial Modulation Perspective

The Effects of Lead and Copper on the Cellular Architecture and Metabolism of the Red AlgaGracilaria domingensis

Sulphate assimilation under Cd2+ stress in Physcomitrella patens – combined transcript, enzyme and metabolite profiling

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Sulphate assimilation under Cd²⁺ stress in Physcomitrella patens – combined transcript, enzyme and metabolite profiling