Physiological Responses to Diesel Exhaust Exposure Are Modified by Cycling Intensity

Giles, Luisa V.; Brandenburg, Jason P.; Carlsten, Christopher; Koehle, Michael S.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000309

Cited by 44 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There is some evidence for a feedback loop between ventilation and air pollution inhaled dose, in such that air pollution exposure may marginally augment or attenuate ventilation 45 , but it is not expected that this interaction will affect daily inhaled doses significantly, except in very highly polluted environments and in very active people 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sensors for Personal Monitoring and Estimation of Inhaled Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Evaluation of Methods

Dons

Laeremans

Orjuela

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Physical activity and ventilation rates have an effect on an individual's dose and may be important to consider in exposure-response relationships; however, these factors are often ignored in environmental epidemiology studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate methods to estimate the inhaled dose of air pollution and understand variability, in the absence of a true gold standard metric. Five types of methods were identified: (1) methods using (physical) activity types; (2) methods based on energy expenditure, METs (metabolic equivalents of task) and oxygen consumption; (3) methods based on heart rate or (4) breathing rate; and (5) methods that combine heart and breathing rate. Methods were compared using a real-life dataset of 122 adults who wore devices to track movement, black carbon air pollution and physiological health markers for three weeks in three European cities. Different methods to estimate minute ventilation performed well in relative terms with high correlations among different methods. But in absolute terms, ignoring increased ventilation during day to day activities could lead to an underestimation of daily dose by a factor 0.08 to 1.78. There is no single best method and a multitude of methods are currently being used to approximate dose.The choice of a suitable method to determine dose in future studies will depend both on the size and the objectives of the study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sensors for Personal Monitoring and Estimation of Inhaled Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Evaluation of Methods

Dons

Laeremans

Orjuela

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…They reviewed elite endurance (aerobic) athletes and mixed-sports (aerobic and anaerobic) athletes and found that they survive longer than the general population, as indicated by lower mortality and higher longevity. For example, a former career elite athlete would be protected from both type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in later life [49] and an athlete doing high-but not low-intensity cycling may resist diesel exhaust exposure [50].…”

Section: External Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher the ASH fitness is, the stronger the resistance of the ASH is. For example, an athlete doing high-but not low-intensity cycling may resist diesel exhaust exposure [50]. Therefore, a global PBM on an organism may promote the normalization of a dysfunctional action in a dPBM way or upgrade the normal action in an iPBM way and then modulate organism health, suboptimal health, and disease.…”

Section: Action-dependent Organism Photobiomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action-Dependent Photobiomodulation on Health, Suboptimal Health, and Disease

Liu

Chen

et al. 2014

International Journal of Photoenergy

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The global photobiomodulation (PBM) on an organism was studied in terms of function-specific homeostasis (FSH) and scale-free functional network in this paper. A function can be classified into a normal function in its FSH and a dysfunctional function far from its FSH. An FSH-specific stress (FSS) disrupting an FSH can also be classified into a successful stress in its FSS-specific homeostasis (FSSH) and a chronic stress far from its FSSH. The internal functions of an organism can be divided into essential, special nonessential, and general nonessential functions. Health may be defined as a state of an organism in which all the essential and special nonessential functions are normal or their stresses are successful. Suboptimal health may be defined as a state of a disease-free organism in which only some special nonessential functions are dysfunctional in comparison with its healthy state. Disease may be defined as a state of an organism which is not in both health and suboptimal health. The global PBM of health, suboptimal health, or disease suggested that the PBM may depend on the organism action.

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“…Therefore, although physical activity is strongly recommended for all its wellknown health benefits, its effects when practiced in polluted environments are questionable [3,5,8,16]. For instance, although Jacobs et al (2010) demonstrated that acute cycling in an air-polluted area results in impaired systemic inflammatory response, Giles et al (2014) demonstrated that different exercise intensities can result in different responses when practiced in polluted areas [3,5]. On the other hand, a mouse experimental study showed that chronic exercise during diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure significantly inhibits the DEP-induced inflammatory response [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Performed Concomitantly with Particulate Matter Exposure Inhibits Lung Injury

et al. 2017

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Air pollution is a growing problem worldwide, inducing and exacerbating several diseases. Among the several components of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM), especially thick (10-2.5 µm; PM 10) and thin (≤2.5 µm; PM 2.5), are breathable particles that easily can be deposited within the lungs, resulting in pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Although physical activity is strongly recommended, its effects when practiced in polluted environments are questionable. Therefore, the present study evaluated the pulmonary and systemic response of concomitant treadmill training with PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposure. Treadmill training inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced accumulation of total leukocytes (p<0.001), neutrophils (p<0.001), macrophages (p<0.001) and lymphocytes (p<0.001) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), as well as the BAL levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.05). Similar effects were observed on accumulation of polymorphonuclear (p<0.01) and mononuclear (p<0.01) cells in the lung parenchyma and in the peribronchial space. Treadmill training also inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced systemic inflammation, as observed in the number of total leukocytes (p<0.001) and in the plasma levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.001). Treadmill training inhibits lung and systemic inflammation induced by particulate matter.

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Physiological Responses to Diesel Exhaust Exposure Are Modified by Cycling Intensity

Cited by 44 publications

References 32 publications

Wearable Sensors for Personal Monitoring and Estimation of Inhaled Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Evaluation of Methods

Wearable Sensors for Personal Monitoring and Estimation of Inhaled Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Evaluation of Methods

Action-Dependent Photobiomodulation on Health, Suboptimal Health, and Disease

Exercise Performed Concomitantly with Particulate Matter Exposure Inhibits Lung Injury

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