Physiological responses to nordic walking, walking and jogging

Schiffer, Thorsten; Knicker, Axel; Hoffman, Uwe; Harwig, Brigitte; Hollmann, W; Strüder, Heiko K.

doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0242-5

Cited by 89 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There is some evidence it might provide additional benefits over normal walking by reducing joint loading 17,18 and increasing aerobic endurance 19,20 and muscular strength. 21 Furthermore, a handful of studies in breast cancer populations have concluded that Nordic walking can improve shoulder function 21,22 and does not increase the risk of lymphedema.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nordic Walking as an Exercise Intervention to Reduce Pain in Women With Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Arthralgia: A Feasibility Study

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Richardson

Hopkinson

et al. 2016

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

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Context. Women taking aromatase inhibitors as treatment for breast cancer commonly experience joint pain and stiffness (aromatase inhibitoreassociated arthralgia [AIAA]), which can cause problems with adherence. There is evidence that exercise might be helpful, and Nordic walking could reduce joint pain compared to normal walking.Objectives. To determine the feasibility of a trial of Nordic walking as an exercise intervention for women with AIAA. Methods. A feasibility study was carried out in a sample of women with AIAA using a randomized control design. Women were randomized to exercise (six-week supervised group Nordic walking training once per week with an increasing independent element, followed by six weeks 4 Â 30 minutes/week independent Nordic walking); or enhanced usual care. Data were collected on recruitment, retention, exercise adherence, safety, and acceptability. The Brief Pain Inventory, GP Physical Activity Questionnaire, and biopsychosocial measures were completed at baseline, six and 12 weeks.Results. Forty of 159 eligible women were recruited and attrition was 10%. There was no increased lymphedema and no long-term or serious injury. Adherence was >90% for weekly supervised group Nordic walking, and during independent Nordic walking, >80% women managed one to two Nordic walking sessions per week. From baseline to study end point, overall activity levels increased and pain reduced in both the intervention and control groups.Conclusion. Our findings indicate that women with AIAA are prepared to take up Nordic walking, complete a six-week supervised course and maintain increased activity levels over a 12-week period with no adverse effects. J Pain Symptom Manage 2016;-:-e-. Ó

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nordic Walking as an Exercise Intervention to Reduce Pain in Women With Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Arthralgia: A Feasibility Study

Fields

Richardson

Hopkinson

et al. 2016

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…5,8,14 As for the upper limbs on the OMNI scale in the present study, the burden on the upper limbs was significantly higher in the NW condition due to the use of Nordic poles. Schiffer et al 4 reported that blood lactic acid concentration in NW becomes higher than that in LW. It would seem that a lactate increase is unlikely to happen at the intensity of 40% of VO 2max , but because the OMNI scale score for the upper limbs is high, catecholamine release due to the arm exercise, 15 which represents an early increased expenditure of VO 2 , may be large.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The researchers conducting these studies concluded that the reason for this difference is that NW involves many muscles of the upper limbs. 4,5,8 On the other hand, some researchers have reported that VO 2 and HR increased in NW but perceived exertion did not. Figard-Fabre et al 9 studied obese middle-aged women and found that perceived exertion was lower in NW than in LW at the same speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1 Many studies have reported that a difference between NW and normal level walk-ing (LW) is the energy expenditure involved. [2][3][4][5][6][7] ; when NW and LW are conducted at a certain speed, oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) and heart rate (HR) are higher in NW. The researchers conducting these studies concluded that the reason for this difference is that NW involves many muscles of the upper limbs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of the Degree of Perceived Exertion by Participants In Nordic Walking and Level Walking at Equal Levels of Relative Exercise Intensity

Tokinoya

Sugiyama

Suzuki³

et al. 2016

Sport Exerc Med Open J

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It has been reported that the perceived exertion in level walking (LW) is the same with or lower than that of nordic walking (NW), although the exercise intensity of NW is higher than LW. Based on this fact, it could be expected that absolute intensity, the speed, should differ if the relative intensity, measured using VO 2 level, is the same in both types of walking. This study aimed to clarify the levels of perceived exertion between NW and LW when their VO 2 levels are equivalent. The subjects were eight healthy young males who exercise regularly. They performed three tests: an incremental test to obtain their regression formula between theVO 2max and the speed, the submaximal exercise test of NW (the NW condition) at 40% of each subject's VO 2max speed, and LW test (the LW condition) at the speed we substituted the value of VO 2 provided in the NW condition into the regression formula. They conducted a six-minute exercise in each condition. Measurements included percentage of VO 2 , heart rate reserve (%HRR), and perceived exertion (OMNI scale) of their upper limbs, lower limbs, and whole body. Although there was no significant difference in VO 2 and %HRR, there was in speed, with the subjects walking faster in the LW condition (p<0.01). No significant difference was found between the conditions on the OMNI scale of their whole body and lower limbs, but the NW condition produced significantly higher values than the LW condition for their upper limbs (p<0.01). The results suggested that the same exercise intensity can be obtained at a slower speed in NW, and higher exertion was perceived only in their arms in NW, with no difference in their lower limbs or whole body.

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“…NW, when performed regularly, provides an array of health benefits for the young, the elderly, or for persons with various health problems, especially those suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension (Morgulec-Adamowicz, Marszałek, & Jagustyn, 2011;Tschentscher, Niederseer, & Niebauer, 2013). The increased metabolic and cardiovascular demands during NW compared with normal walking has been often explained by the additional recruitment of the upper body musculature for propulsion (Church, Earnest, & Morss, 2002;Schiffer et al, 2006). The objective of this paper was to develop and validate a system intended for measuring the poling forces during NW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of system for measuring poling forces during Nordic walking

Krejčí¹,

Jakubec²,

Pšurný³

et al. 2013

Acta Gymnica

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BACKGROUND:Recently, the popularity of Nordic walking (NW) has been rising steadily. Many scientific studies researched the promising and beneficial effects of this form of physical activity. However, only a few studies provided data about the forces acting on the poles. We did not find a commercially available system that enables the measurement of the poling forces. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper was to develop and validate a system for measuring the poling forces during NW. METHODS: Strain gauge force tranducers were mounted below the grips of standard NW poles. The transducer signals were amplified and converted to digital form for transmitting to a personal computer. Special software was developed for processing the measured data and the calculation method of output variables was described. Validation of the system was performed using a Kistler force plate. Poling cycles with peak force of about 150 N were imitated by pressing the pole over a force plate. RESULTS: A function sample of the measurement system was constructed. Validation yielded the mean absolute error of 1.1 N in case of poling cycles without pole impacts or 3.0 N in case of poling cycles with impacts. CONCLUSIONS: The validation result of our system is comparable to the results of similar systems used for measurements during cross-country skiing. The system enables independent measurement of the poling forces on both poles and the duration of measurement can be up to one hour. The system provides a tool that can be used to answer a number of questions that researches raise about NW. Understanding of the biomechanical and physiological aspects of poling action can constitute a scientific basis for promoting, teaching and training of NW.

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Physiological responses to nordic walking, walking and jogging

Cited by 89 publications

References 23 publications

Nordic Walking as an Exercise Intervention to Reduce Pain in Women With Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Arthralgia: A Feasibility Study

Nordic Walking as an Exercise Intervention to Reduce Pain in Women With Aromatase Inhibitor–Associated Arthralgia: A Feasibility Study

A Comparison of the Degree of Perceived Exertion by Participants In Nordic Walking and Level Walking at Equal Levels of Relative Exercise Intensity

Development and validation of system for measuring poling forces during Nordic walking

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