Physiological role of carotenoids and other antioxidants in plants and application to turfgrass stress management

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly destructive chemicals within plant systems. Antioxidants are important photoprotective chemicals that guard plants from oxidative stress. Antioxidants can be classified into two groups: enzymatic and non-enzymatic. Of the non-enzymatic antioxidants, carotenoids have received relatively little attention in turfgrass research. However, carotenoids are vital antioxidants for buffering of singlet oxygen, dissipation of excess light energy through nonphotochemical quenching, and harvesting light energy and channeling to the photosystem. Greater emphasis on carotenoids in turfgrass research could provide several benefits. For example, new cultivars could be selected that have improved high light tolerance owing to greater zeaxanthin production. Additionally, xenobiotics could potentially increase carotenoid production, thereby increasing turfgrass survivability under oxidative stress. Previous research indicates turfgrass species have robust carotenoid pool levels comparable to vegetables and herbs consumed for their phytonutrient benefits.

Plasma‐activated water to improve the stress tolerance of barley

“…[36,41] Although ascorbate and GSH are involved in the direct protection against ROS through their degradation, Car inhibit their formation due to the absorption of the excess light energy in nonphotochemical quenching. [45] During these processes, a reversible de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin occurs. Although, H 2 O 2 or NO treatments have been reported to provide tolerance against abiotic stresses, such as salt or heat stresses, in various plant species, [46,47] the protective effects of the PAW under abiotic stress conditions are largely unknown.…”

Tolerância e potencial fitorremediador de Stizolobium aterrimum associada ao fungo micorrízico arbuscular Glomus etunicatum em solo contaminado por chumbo

“…Os carotenoides são pigmentos acessórios com diversas funções celulares e que atuam principalmente no processo de fotossíntese, onde auxiliam como: antioxidantes não enzimáticos, dissipadores do excesso de energia luminosa e coletores de energia luminosa que é canalizada ao fotossistema (McElroy & Kopsell, 2009 …”

Morpho‐anatomical traits of root and non‐enzymatic antioxidant system of leaf tissue contribute to waterlogging tolerance in Brachiaria grasses

“…Effects attributed to increased ROS production include damage to the photosynthetic apparatus via degradation of chlorophylls (Ella et al . ; McElroy and Kopsell ) and impairment of the function of the photosystem II. Reductions of plant growth under waterlogging have been associated with loss of leaf chlorophyll content in wheat (Malik et al .…”

“…Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaf tissue is common under waterlogging conditions (Blokhina et al 2003;Lin et al 2006;Bai et al 2010). Effects attributed to increased ROS production include damage to the photosynthetic apparatus via degradation of chlorophylls (Ella et al 2003;McElroy and Kopsell 2009) and impairment of the function of the photosystem II. Reductions of plant growth under waterlogging have been associated with loss of leaf chlorophyll content in wheat (Malik et al 2001) and decrease in photosynthetic efficiency in Medicago sativa (Smethurst et al 2005).…”