Physiological separation of Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease with significant levels of cerebrovascular symptomology and healthy controls

Lithgow, Brian; Dastgheib, Zeinab; Anssari, Neda; Mansouri, Behzad; Blakley, Brian W.; Ashiri, Mehrangiz; Moussavi, Zahra

doi:10.1007/s11517-021-02409-8

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The present study used the Magstim sham coil, as have the majority of trials of rTMS in Alzheimer's disease. Experiments have shown [20,21] that signi cant perpendicular magnetic elds are produced by this coil, a nding that we have now replicated in our own laboratory (see Supplementary Materials). As suggested by [34] , the induced signi cant electric eld can produce low-eld effects that affect neuromodulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…HIS is a common clinical method to identify AD from vascular dementia (VaD) and those with mixed AD and cerebrovascular conditions (AD-CVD). Modi ed HIS that uses the imaging results too, is a simple clinical tool for differential diagnosis of AD and AD-CVD [20] . A HIS is considered as VaD, while a 4<HIS<7 is considered as AD-CVD [22] .…”

Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the frequency of the applied pulses is well established as a key parameter in uencing physiological and behavioural effects. High-frequency pulses (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) increase cortical excitability and synaptic plasticity through long-term potentiation mechanisms [8] ; however, a systematic review paper on the studies on rTMS e cacy for AD treatment did not nd any statistically signi cant differences in outcomes whether using pulse frequencies < 10Hz or > 10Hz [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Moussavi,

Uehara,

Rutherford

et al. 2024

Preprint

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We report results of a large multisite double-blind randomized trial investigating the short and long-term efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at mild to moderate stages, in doses of either 2 or 4 weeks of treatment (5 days/week), whilst compared with 4 weeks of sham TMS. Randomization to treatment group was stratified based on age and severity. The objectives of this study were to: 1) investigate the efficacy of active rTMS versus sham, 2) investigate the effect of dose of treatment (2 or 4 weeks), and 3) investigate the length of benefits from treatment. The rTMS pulses (20 Hz, 30 pulses/train, 25 trains, 10-s intertrain interval) were applied serially to the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using neuro-navigation. We compared the primary outcome measure’s (ADAS-Cog) score changes from pre- to post-treatment, with assessments at baseline and 4 more times up to 6 months post-treatment. Data of 135 patients were analyzed. The mean total ADAS-Cog score at baseline did not differ between the active and sham treatment groups, nor across the three study sites. The overall results show significant cognitive improvement after treatment up to two months post-treatment with either sham or active coils. The results show both short and long-term benefits of active rTMS treatment but also show similar benefits for sham coil treatment of mild/moderate AD. We discuss this finding in the context of the existing literature on rTMS therapy for AD, as well as evidence of the sham coil’s potential to induce a low-level current in the brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Moussavi,

Uehara,

Rutherford

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The EVestG methodology detects the small quasi synchronous FP's buried in noise, averages them, and displays the averaged FP and the firing time intervals between FPs using the “Neural Event Extraction Routine” (NEER). 1 , 4 In humans, EVestG bio features have been successfully applied to the classification and or measure of the symptomology of Parkinson's disease, 5 depression, 6 , 7 dementia, 8 and vertiginous disorders. 2 , 3 Initially, it was argued that EVestG predominantly measures the electrical activity of the vestibular hair cells, vestibular nerve, and vestibular nucleus (VN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification EVestG recordings are vestibuloacoustic signals

Blakley

Ashiri

Moussavi

et al. 2022

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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Introduction: Neural dysfunction is associated with aberrant nerve firing; thus, electrodiagnosis has the potential for objective diagnosis and quantification of neural dysfunction. Electrical stimulation alters nerve firing and may also have treatment potential. This article outlines some findings related to electrodiagnosis and electrical stimulation of the ear. The quasi-synchronous firing of many vestibuloacoustic nerve fibers can produce an extracellular potential defined as a field potential (FP). Electrovestibulography (EVestG) is a method to record vestibuloacoustic signals and detect the associated FPs. A clear picture of the muscle-, EEG-, saccade-related, or other artefactual origins, and the physiologic basis of FPs recorded with EVestG, is evolving. EVestG was applied to demonstrate the effect of electrical stimulation on spontaneous FPs in the ear canal.Methods: Bilateral EVestG recordings were conducted on 14 guinea pigs before and after stimulation with 3-0.5 mA ipsilateral anodal electrical pulses before and after ablation via unilateral Scarpa's ganglionectomy to elucidate the origin of the EVestG recorded spontaneous FPs.Results: Anodal electrical stimulation suppresses the recorded activity. There was a significant reduction of the level of recorded signal observed following anodal stimulation on the ablated but not the intact side. Conclusion:Electrical stimulation of the external auditory canal reduces spontaneous electrical activity in the ear canal, some of which is due to central nervous system activity. The EVestG recorded FPs have a major vestibuloacoustic component.

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“…With the aging of population, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is increasing year by year [1][2][3]. While the cause of Alzheimer's disease is still uncertain, it can bring various irreversible harms to patients such as loss of memory, mobility impairment and loss of cognitive function [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Deep Learning and Brain Images in Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Patients

Jiang¹

2021

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In the identification of which stages Alzheimer’s patients are in, the application of the medical imaging technology helps doctors give more accurate qualitative diagnoses. However, the existing research results are not effective enough in the acquisition of valuable information from medical images, nor can they make full use of other modal images that highlight different feature information. To this end, this paper studies the application of deep learning and brain images in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s patients. First, the image preprocessing operations and the brain image registration process were explained in detail. Then, the image block generation process was given, and the degrees of membership to white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid were calculated, and the brain images were also preliminarily classified. Finally, a complete auxiliary diagnosis process for Alzheimer’s disease based on deep learning was provided, an improved sparse noise reduction auto-encoder network was constructed, and the brain image recognition and classification based on deep learning were completed. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the constructed model.

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Physiological separation of Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease with significant levels of cerebrovascular symptomology and healthy controls

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Verification EVestG recordings are vestibuloacoustic signals

Application of Deep Learning and Brain Images in Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Patients

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