Physiological strategies of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms to tolerate Cr6+ accumulation, compared to a sensitive species Pistia stratiotes L.

Abstract

Chromium in the form of hexavalent chromium (VI) has been used in some industry including leather tanning industry. The chemical has been known to be harmful to living organism. Therefore, it is important to treat wastewater from leather tanning industry before being discharged to the environment. The aim of this study is to examine physiological strategies of Eichhornia crassipes to tolerate Cr6+ accumulation in its tissue, compared to sensitive species Pistia stratiotes. The variations of Cr6+ concentrations were 0, 40, 80 and 120 ppm. Some parameters including catalase, APX, chlorophyll and proline enzymes in both plants were measured. The biomass yield of plant in Cr6+ stress was negative (-0.732 to -1.84 g/week) which indicated both E. crassipes and P. stratiotes reduced their growth. The higher the concentration of Cr6+, the lower the chlorophyll contents in the leaves. The lowest of chlorophyll content was in 120 ppm (0.15 mg/g in P. stratiotes and 0.12 mg/g in E. crassipes). The highest of CAT activity in E. crassipes was 109% in 40 ppm Cr6+, while in P. stratiotes was 76% in 120 ppm. Proline content in both E. crassipes and P. stratiotes were not different significantly. In general, E. crassipes plants have the ability to adapt to Cr6+ stress which is better when compared to P. stratiotes plants which was severely damaged when grown in high Cr6+ concentration. Both plants can remediate waste fairly well (% elimination 62-68%) during the exposure period of 14 days.

Effective removal of chromium from contaminated water using horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland with Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

“…BCF Cr(VI) roots in each treatments had higher values than BCF Cr(VI) on stems and leaves. These results are in agreement with other Cr(VI) phytoremediation studies (Taufikurahman et al, 2020;Woldemichael et al, 2011). It can be caused by plant protection mechanisms through an accumulation of Cr(VI) in vacuoles of root cells.…”

“…The medium characteristic which are pH, TDS, BOD, and COD of the medium will affect plant growth during the toxic element treatment, by which they will decrease overtime along with plant growth (Taufikurahman et al, 2020). Chromium uptake from medium to plant tissue indicates the phytoremediation runs well (Amin et al, 2019).…”