Physiological, structural, and immunological characterization of leaf and chloroplast development in cotton

Pettigrew, William T.; Vaughn, Kevin C.

doi:10.1007/bf01280872

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Immature leaves are vulnerable to stresses from high solar radiation, caused by several internal factors which include underdeveloped chloroplasts (Pettigrew and Vaughn 1998;Choinski et al 2003) and low photosynthetic enzyme activities (Miranda et al 1981;Pettigrew and Vaughn 1998). Therefore, numerous strategies, including elevated xanthophyll cycle pigments (Krause et al 1995;Barker et al 1997), reduced chlorophyll concentrations (Choinski et al 2003;Cai et al 2005) and elevated anthocyanin as a light dissipation pigment (Manetas et al 2002;Karageorgou and Manetas 2006;Liakopoulos et al 2006) are apparent in juvenile leaves to avoid photoinhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spectral reflectance indices and pigment functions during leaf ontogenesis in six subtropical landscape plants

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pigment combinations are regulated during leaf ontogenesis. To better understand pigment function, alterations in chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin concentrations were investigated during different leaf development stages in six subtropical landscape plants, namely Ixora chinensis Lam, Camellia japonica Linn, Eugenia oleina Wight, Mangifera indica L., Osmanthus fragrans Lowr and Saraca dives Pierre. High concentrations of anthocyanin were associated with reduced chlorophyll in juvenile leaves. As leaves developed, the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) of all six species increased while anthocyanin concentration declined.Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of U PSII (effective quantum yield of PSII) and of NPQ (non-photochemical fluorescence quenching) and determination of electron transport rate-rapid light curve (RLC) showed that maximum ETR (leaf electron transport rate), U PSII and the saturation point in RLC increased during leaf development but declined as they aged. Juvenile leaves displayed higher values of NPQ and Car/Chl ratios than leaves at other developmental stages. Leaf reflectance spectra (400-800 nm) were measured to provide an in vivo non-destructive assessment of pigments in leaves during ontogenesis. Four reflectance indices, related to pigment characters, were compared with data obtained quantitatively from biochemical analysis. The results showed that the ARI (anthocyanin reflectance index) was linearly correlated to anthocyanin concentration in juvenile leaves, while a positive correlation of Chl NDI (chlorophyll normalized difference vegetation index) to chlorophyll a concentration was species dependent. Photosynthetic reflectance index was not closely related to Car/Chl ratio, while a structural-independent pigment index was not greatly altered by leaf development or species. Accordingly, it is suggested that the high concentration of anthocyanin, higher NPQ and Car/Chl ratio in juvenile leaves are important functional responses to cope with high radiation when the photosynthetic apparatus is not fully developed. Another two leaf reflectance indices, ARI and Chl NDI, are valuable for in vivo pigment evaluation during leaf development.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spectral reflectance indices and pigment functions during leaf ontogenesis in six subtropical landscape plants

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Samples of young leaf tissue were prepared for microscopy as described by Pettigrew and Vaughn (1998).…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

The primary walls of cotton fibers contain an ensheathing pectin layer

Vaughn

Turley

1999

Protoplasma

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cotton fiber walls (1-2 days post anthesis) are distinctly bilayered compared to those of nonfiber epidermal cells, with a more electron-opaque outer layer and a less electron-opaque, more finely flbrillar inner layer. When probed with antibodies and affinity probes to various saccharides, xyloglucans and cellulose are found exclusively in the inner layer and de-esterified pectins and extensin exclusively in the outer layer. Ovular epidermal cells that do not differentiate into fibers have no pectin sheath, but are labelled throughout with antixyloglucan and cellulase-gold probes. Middle lamellae between adjacent cells were clearly labelled with the antibodies to de-esterified pectins, however. Similarly, cell walls of leaf trichomes have a bilayered wall strongly enriched in pectin, whereas other epidermal cells are not bilayered and are pectin poor. These data indicate that one of the early markers of fiber and trichome cells from other epidermal cells involves the production of a pectin layer. The de-esterified pectins present in the ensheathing layer may allow for expansion and elongation of the fiber cells that does not occur in the other epidermal cells without such a sheath or may even be a consequence of the elongation process.

show abstract

“…1) as well as new chlorophyll synthesis (Hughes et al 2007). The decrease in chlorophyll a/b ratios during leaf expansion (IME compared with IM) has been observed in other species exhibiting green developing leaves (Hughes et al 2007, Manetas et al 2003 and was probably because the chloroplasts in young leaves have underdeveloped thylakoids (Choinski & Wise 1999) with higher amounts of PSII relative to PSI (Pettigrew & Vaughn 1998). The carotenoid/ chlorophyll ratio also decreased during leaf expansion (Table 1), consistent with most (Barker et al 1997;Hughes et al 2007;Krause et al 1995), although not all previous studies (Manetas et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Immature leaves ofWeinmannia racemosaare more heat tolerant than mature leaves based on differences in chlorophyllafluorescence and solute leakage

Choinski

Gould

2010

New Zealand Journal of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous studies have examined how leaf temperature affects photosynthesis, but few have investigated photosynthetic temperature sensitivity during leaf expansion. Here, we show that immature leaves ( Â18% of final leaf area) of the common New Zealand tree, Weinmannia racemosa L. f. (Cunoniaceae), are less sensitive than mature leaves to rapid increases in leaf temperature (from 25 to 35 8C) as measured by chlorophyll a fluorescence. Relative differences in the tolerance of photosystem II to heat were supported by solute leakage experiments, in which disks from immature leaves incubated at 47 8C lost significantly fewer solutes than did disks from mature leaves. In addition, levels of trienoic (18:3) fatty acids were far lower in immature than in mature leaves (low levels are known to be associated with photosynthetic thermotolerance). The developmental changes in photosynthetic tolerance to heat stress likely correspond to compositional differences of the thylakoid membranes during leaf expansion. This result may be useful in understanding photosynthetic responses to temperature in young leaves which lack functioning stomates, or under extreme conditions when leaf temperatures are high or fluctuate rapidly.

show abstract

Physiological, structural, and immunological characterization of leaf and chloroplast development in cotton

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Spectral reflectance indices and pigment functions during leaf ontogenesis in six subtropical landscape plants

Spectral reflectance indices and pigment functions during leaf ontogenesis in six subtropical landscape plants

The primary walls of cotton fibers contain an ensheathing pectin layer

Immature leaves ofWeinmannia racemosaare more heat tolerant than mature leaves based on differences in chlorophyllafluorescence and solute leakage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About